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Chapter 7: The Skeleton
Terms from Chapter 7 of Human Anatomy and Physiology by Marieb
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/15/2011

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Term
Axial Skeleton: Regions
Definition
Eighty bones segregated into 3 regions. Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
Term
The Skull
Definition
Body's most complex bony structure
Formed by the cranium and facial bones
Term
The Skull: Cranium
Definition
Protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles
Term
The Skull: Facial Bones
Definition
Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth
Provide openings for the passage of air and food
Anchor the facial muscles of expression
Term
Anatomy of the Cranium
Definition
Eight Cranial Bones: two parietal, two temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Cranial bones are thin and remarkably strong for their weight
Term
Frontal Bone
Definition
Forms the anterior portion of the cranium
Articulates posteriorly the parietal bones via the coronal suture
Major markings include the supraorbital margins, the anterior cranial fossa, and the frontal sinuses (internal and lateral to the glabella)
Term
Parietal Bones
Definition
Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull.
Term
Cranial Sutures
Definition
Coronal Suture: articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
Sagittal Suture-where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
Lambdoid suture, where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly
Squamosal (squamos) suture: where pareital and temporal bones meet
Term
Occipital Bone
Definition
Forms most of skull's posterior wall and base
Term
Temporal Bones
Definition
Form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor
Major markings include the zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid processes, and the mandibular and the middle cranial fossae
Term
Temporal Bone Regions
Definition
Squamos, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous.
Squamos abuts squamous suture, contains zygomatic process
Tympanic region: eardrum area
Mostiod region: posterior to tympanic region
Petrous region: Contributes to the cranial base
Term
Temporal Bones: Major openings
Definition
Stylomastoid
Jugular foramina
External and internal auditory meatuses
Carotid canal
Term
Sphenoid bone
Definition
Butterfly shaped bone, spans the width of the middle cranial fossa
Forms the central wedge that articualtes with all other cranial bones
Consists of a central body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes
Term
Sphenoid bone: Major Markings
Definition
Sella turcica
Hypophyseal fossa
Pterygoid processes
Term
Sphenoid Bone: Major openings
Definition
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Optic Canals
Superior orbital fissure
Term
Ethmoid Bone
Definition
Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones. Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits.
Term
Ethmoid bone: Major markings
Definition
Cribiform plate
Crista galli
Perpendicular plate
Nasal conchae
Ethmoid sinuses
Term
Facial Bones: General
Definition
Fourteen Bones of which only the mandible and vomer are unpaired.
Term
Facial Bones: Paired vs Unpaired
Definition
Paired: Maxillae, zygomatics, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, inferior conchae

Unpaired: Mandible and vomer
Term
Mandible: General info
Definition
Lower jawbone. largest and strongest bone of the face
Term
Mandible: Major markings
Definition
Coronoid process
Mandibular condyle
alveloar margin
mandibular foramen
mental foramen
Term
Maxillary Bones: General Info
Definition
Medially fused bones that make up the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton. Facial keystone bones that articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible
Term
Maxillary bones: Major Markings
Definition
Palatine process
Frontal process
Zygomatic process
Alveolar margins
Inferior orbital fissure
Maxillary sinuses
Term
Zygomatic Bones
Definition
Cheekbones. Form the prominences of the cheek and the inferolateral margins of the orbits
Term
Nasal Bones
Definition
thin medially fused bones that form the bride of the nose
Term
Lacrimal Bones
Definition
contribute to the medial walls of the orbit and contain a deep grove called the lacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac
Term
Palatine Bones
Definition
two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate, the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the orbits
Term
Vomer
Definition
plow-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal septum
Term
Inferior nasal conchae
Definition
paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Term
Orbits
Definition
Bony cavities which the eyes are ncased and cushioned by fatty tissue
Term
Orbits - Bone structure
Definition
Formed by parts of 7 bones. Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid
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