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Chapter 6 Flash Cards
Chapter 6
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/28/2014

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Term
Calcium
Definition
most abundant mineral in body
Term
Protection
Definition
delicate tissues and organs surrounded by bone.
Term
Leverage
Definition
act as levers with skeletal muscles to move body.
Term
Irregular bones
Definition
vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet
Term
Short Bones
Definition
bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankles tarsals
Term
Sinus
Definition
chamber within bone, usually filled with air
Term
Neck
Definition
narrow connection between head and diaphysis
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Consist largely of spongy bone (trabecular bone)
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
connects epiphysis to shaft
Term
Nutrient foramen
Definition
tunnel providing access to marrow cavity
Term
Metaphyseal artery/vein
Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix
Term
Circumferential lamellae
Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
Fill spaces between osteons
Term
Spongy bone
Definition
Located where bones not heavily stressed or in many directions
Term
Appositional bone growth
Definition
Increases bone diameter of existing bones
Term
Perforating fibers
Definition
Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Incomplete cellular layer lining medullary cavity
Term
Secondary ossification centers
Definition
form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into epiphyses
Term
Pituitary growth failure
Definition
Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
Definition
Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close
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