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Chapter 6 Flashcards
Osseous Tissue & Bone Structure
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/15/2013

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Term
Foramen
Definition
a small rounded passageway through which blood vessels or nerves penetrate the bone.
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
have thin, roughly parallel surfaces.  They form the roof of the skull, the sternum, the ribs, and the scapulae.
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
an expanded area found at each end of the bone
Term
Nutrient Foramen
Definition
a tunnel that penetrates the diaphysis and provides access for the nutrient artery and/or vien.
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells that maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix through the turnover of matrix components.
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
cells that remove and recycle bone matrix
Term
Osteon
Definition
the basic functional unit of mature compact bone
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
fill in the spaces between the osteons in compact bone.
Term
Periosteum
Definition
layer that surrounds a bone that has a fibrous outer layer and a cellular inner layer
Term
Endosteum
Definition
an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity.
Term
Epiphyseal Cartilage
Definition
Separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis
Term
Endochondral Ossification
Definition
The replacement of a cartilaginous model by bone; the characteristics mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones.
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts within embryonic or fibrous connective tissue
Term
Spicules
Definition
small struts where the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center
Term
Pituitary Growth Failure
Definition
inadequate production of growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and abnormally short bones
Term
Achondroplasia
Definition
results from abnormal epiphyseal activity.  The epiphyseal cartilages of the long bones grow unusally slow and are replaced by bone early in life.
Term
Parathyroid Glands
Definition
Four small glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Term
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Definition
a hormone secretged by the parathyroid glands twhen plasma calcium levels fall below the normal range
Term
Fracture
Definition
a break or crack in a bone
Term
Internal Callus
Definition
forms as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges
Term
Pott Fracture
Definition
occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the leg
Term
Compression Fractures
Definition
occur in the vertebrae subjected to extreme stresses
Term
Colles Fracture
Definition
a break in the distal portion of the radius
Term
Closed or Simple Fractures
Definition
completely internal fractures that can only be seen on x-rays because they do not involve a break in the skin
Term
Open or Compound Fractures
Definition
fractures that project through the skin
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