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Chapter 6 Flash Cards
Chapter 6
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/13/2012

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Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull.
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces.  Examples are spinal vertebrea, bones of pelivs, and several skull bones.
Term
Short Bones
Definition
small and boxy.  Examples are carpal bones (wrists) and tarsal bones (ankles).
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
thin, parallel surfaces.  Roof of the skull, sternum, ribs, and scapulae.
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Long and slender.  Located in the arm and forearm, thigh and leg, palms, soles, fingers, and toes.
Term
Sesamoid Bone
Definition
small, flat, and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed.  Develop inside tendons and are most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet.
Term
Bone Markings
Definition
Surface features
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Also known as the femur.  A representative long bone with an extended tubular shaft.
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Expanded area loacted at each end of the bone. 
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
The diaphysis is connected to each epiphysis at a narrow zone called this.
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
Also known as dense bone.  Forms a sturdy layer that surrounds the medullary cavity.
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
Consist of an open network of struts and plates that resembles latticework with a thin covering of compact bone (cortex).
Term
Cortex
Definition
Thin covering
Term
Hydroxyapatite
Definition
Calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide to produce this.  Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that make up most of the cell population.
Term
Lamellae
Definition
Each osteocyte occupies a lacuna, a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix.  This is the name of the layers.
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
Narrow passageways
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Make and release the proteins and other organic components of the matrix.
Term
Osteoid
Definition
Before calcium salts are deposited, this is what the organic matrix is called.
Term
Osteoprogenitor
Definition
Bone contains small numbers of mesenchymal cells called this...
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
cells that remove and recycle bone matrix.
Term
Osteolysis
Definition
This erosion process is important in the regulation of calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids.
Term
Osteon
Definition
Basic functional unit of mature compact bone.
Term
Central Canal
Definition
Generally run parallel to the surface of the bone.
Term
Perforating Canals
Definition
extend perpendicular to the surface.
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