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Chapter 6 Bones
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Vet Techs Chapter 6
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/24/2014

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Term
Functions of Bones
Definition
To support, protect, give leverage, and store calcium
Term
Cancellous Bone
Definition
Sometimes called spongy bone. It consists of tiny spicules of bone that appear randomly arranged with lots of spaces between them.
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
Very heavy, dense, and strong. It makes up the shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones.
Term
haversian canal
Definition
The central canal that runs the length of a haversian system. The haversian canal contains the blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply and nourish the osteocytes.
Term
haversian system
Definition
The microscopic, laminated cylinders of bone that make up compact bone. Oriented lengthwise in a long bone, haversian systems consist of a central haversian canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone. Osteocytes in their lacune are present at the junctions of the bony layers of the haversian systems.
Term
What are the three types of bone cells?
Definition
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
The cells that produce bone. They deveolp from cartlige cells and mature into bone-producing cells.
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
Large, multinuclear cells of the bone that absorb bone and structures and reshape damaged bone.
Term
osteocyte
Definition
mature bone cell. The osteocytes are located in spaces in the ossified matrix called lacunae
Term
Volkmann's canals
Definition
Volkmann's canals come in at right angles to the long axis of the bone and at right angles to the haversian canals.
Term
endochondral bone formation
Definition
The type of bone formation whereby bone grows into and replaces a cartlige model. this method by which most bones form in a developing fetus, starting with cartlige "prototypes" that are gradually replaced by bone.
Term
diaphysis
Definition
The shaft portion of a long bone.
Term

primary growth center

 

 

 secondary growth center

Definition

The main growth area of a bone deveolping by the endochondral method. Areas of bone devepolpment located in the main portions of the cartilage rod bone templates in a developing fetus.

 

Secondary areas of growth in bones deveolping by the endochondral method. Areas of bone development located outside the main portions of the cartilaginous bone templates in a developing fetus.

Term
epiphyses
Definition
The end of a long bone. Each long bone has a proximal and distal epiphysis.
Term
epiphyseal plates
Definition
The growth plate of a long bone.
Term
Four basic bone shapes
Definition
Long, short, flat, and irregular
Term
Short bones
Definition
shaped like small cubes or marshmellows. They consist of a core of spongy bone surrounded by a thin lyer of compact bone.
Term
flat bones
Definition
thin and flat
Term
irregular bones
Definition
do not fit into any category. They either have characteristics of more than one category or are truly shaped irregular.
Term
bone marrow
Definition
fills the spaces within bones. this includes the spicules of cancellous bone and the large spaces within the diaphysis of long bones.
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
forms blood cells
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
consists primarly of adipose connective tissue. Most common type of marrow in adult animals.
Term
Articular surfaces
Definition
joint surfaces; smooth areas of compact bone where bones come in contact with each other to form joints.
Term
condyle
Definition
usually large, round articular surface
Term
facet
Definition
flat articular surface
Term
proccesses
Definition
lumps, bumps and other projections on a bone.
Term
foramen
Definition
a hole in a bone
Term
fossa
Definition
depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone
Term
foramen magnum
Definition
a large hole in the center of the occipital bone that the spinal cord runs through
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