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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue & Bone Structure
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/28/2014

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Cards

Term
How many bones are in the skeletal system ?
Definition
206 ( total)
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition

80 bones 

  • Bones of skull, thoraz, and verebral column
  • form longitudinal axis of body 
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition

126 bones

  • Bones of the limbs and gridles that attach them to the axial skeleton 
Term
Functions of the skeletal system
Definition
  • Supports
  • storage of minerals
  • blood cell production
  • protection
  • leverage
Term
The Six kinds of bones
Definition
  1. Flat bones- Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
  2. Sutural Bones - Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
  3. Long bones - Relatively long and slender 
  4. Irregular bones- complex shapes
  5. Sesamoid bones- small, flat (shaped like a seed)
  6. Short bones- small and boxy 
Term

 

 

 

 

Four Bone cell types 

Definition
  1. Osteocytes
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteoprogrnitor
  4. Osteoclasts 
Term

 

 

 

Calcium phosphate 

Definition

 

 

Accounts for 2/3 of the bone weight 

Term

 

 

 

Spongy bone 

Definition

 

Located where bones not  heavily stressed or in many directions 

Term

Appositional bone growth 

 

 

Definition

Increses bone diameter of existing bones

 

Term
Two layers of Periosteum
Definition
  1. Fibrous outer layer 
  2. Cellular inner layer 
Term
Functions of Periosteum
Definition
  1. Isolate bone from surrounding tissues 
  2. Route for blood and nervous supply
  3. Actively participates in bone growth and repair 
Term

Perforating Fibers

 

Definition
  • Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer
  • Strongly connect tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone through periosteum 
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Incomplete cellular layer lining medullary cavity
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
  • excessive cartilage formation aat epiphyseal cartilage
  • Causes, long, slender limbs 
  • Other connective tissue abnormalities cause cardiovascular issues 
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
Definition
gene mutation that causes bone depostion around skeletal muscles
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
  • Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close 
  • Bones get thicker 
Term
Calcium
Definition

Most abundant mineral in the body 

  • 99% deposited in skeleton 
Term
Calcium
Definition
Release of _______ into the blood weakens bones
Term

Fracture 

 

Definition
Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress
Term
Types of fractures
Definition
  • Transverse 
  • Spiral
  • Displaced 
  • Compression 
  • Greenstick 
  • Commminuted 
  • Epiphyseal
  • Pott
  • Colles
Term
A Factor that decrease blood calcium levels
Definition
Calcitonin from thyroid gland C cells
Term
Periosteum Features
Definition
  • Smaller blood Vessels 
  • Lymphatic vessels 
  • Sensory Nerves 
Term
Bone vasculature
Definition
Growth and maintenance requires extensive blood supply
Term
Vascular features
Definition
  • Nutrient artery/vein
  • metaphyseal atery/vein 
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