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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue & Bone Structure
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/30/2013

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Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column.
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition

Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

 

Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Thin, roughly parrellel surfaces
Term
Sutural bones
Definition

AKA: Wormian bones

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones

Term
Long bones
Definition
Relatively long and slender bones
Term
Irregular bones
Definition

Bones that have complex shapes.

Ex: vertebrae

Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition
Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like a sesame seed. Develop in tendons of knee, hands and feet.
Term
Short bones
Definition

Small and boxy bones.

The bones in wrist (carpals) and ankles (tarsals)

Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Produce new bony matrix and become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor cells
Definition
Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts. Important in fracture repair
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone. Giant cells with 50+ nuclei
Term
Calcium Phosphate
Definition
Accounts for approximately 2/3 of bone weight
Term
Circumferential lamellae
Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
Fills spaces between osteons
Term
Appositional bone growth
Definition
Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts that add bone matrix under periosteum
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Incomplete cellular layer lining medullary cavity
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
Begins as mesenchymal (stem) cells differentiate into osteoblasts within embryonic or fibrous connective tissue
Term
Spicules
Definition
Bones grow out into small struts
Term
Achondroplasia
Definition

Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly.

Limbs are short and trunk is normal size.

Term
Gigantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Acromegaly
Definition

Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close.

Bones get thicker, especially those in the face, jaw, and hands.

Term
Calcium
Definition
Most abundant mineral in the body
Term
Transverse fracture
Definition
Break shaft across long axis
Term
Spiral fracture
Definition
Produced by twisting stresses. Spread along length of bone
Term
Displaced  fracture
Definition
Produce new and abnormal bone arrangements
Term
Compression fracture
Definition
In vertebrae subjected to extreme stresses
Term
Greenstick fracture
Definition
One side of shaft broken, other side bent. Occurs mostly in children
Term
Comminuted fracture
Definition
Shatter affected area producing fragments
Term
Colles fracture
Definition
Break in distal radius
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