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Chapter 6
Intro to bones
15
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/04/2013

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Cards

Term
Skeletal System Componments
Definition
206 bones total
2 divisions
-Axial skeleton (126 bones)- bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
-Appendicular skeleton (80 bones)- bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton
Term
Functions of the skeletal system
Definition
Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection and leverage.
Term
6 bone classification categories based on shape
Definition
flat bones
sutural bones
long bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones
short bones
Term
Bone vasculature
Definition
growth and maintenance requires extensive blood supply
Term
Four bone cell types
Definition
Osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoprogenitor cells
osteoclasts
Term
What accounts for ~2/3 bone weight?
Definition
Calcium Phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)
Term
Spongy bone
Definition
Located where bones not heavily stressed or in many directions
Term
Perforating fibers
Definition
Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer. Strongly connect tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone through periosteum.
Term
Endochondral Ossification
Definition
Initial bone formation in embryo begins with cartilage.
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
Begins as mesenchymal (stem) cells differentiate into osteoblasts within embryonic or fibrous connective tissue.
Term
What two things can affect abnormal bone growth and development?
Definition
Endocrine and metabolic problems
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
A disorder causing lengthened bones. Excessive cartilage formation, causes long, slender limbs and other connective tissue formalities.
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Over production of growth hormone before puberty.
Term
Fracture
Definition
Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress.
Term
Steps of a fracture repair
Definition
1. large blood clot develops
2. calluses form
3. calluses replaced and dead bone removed
4. remodeling of healed bone
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