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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2013

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Term
Axial Skeleton (80 Bones)
Definition
*bones of skull, thoraz, and vertebral column.
*Form longitudinal axis of body
Term
Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones)
Definition
*bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton
Term
Functions of Skeletal System
Definition
*support & protection
*storage of minerals (calcium & phosphate) [calcium most abundant mineral in the body]
*blood cell production
*leverage (act as levers w/ skeletal muscles to move body)
Term
Six bone catergories based on shape
Definition
*flat
*sutural bones (wormian)
*long bones
*irregular bones
*sesamoid bones
*short bones
Term
Skull surface features
Definition
*canal/meatus (large passageway)
*process (projection/bump)
*sinus (chamber w/in bone, usually filled w/ air)
*foramen (small rounded passageway)
*fissure (elongated cleft/gap)
Term
Humerous surface features
Definition
*head
*tubercle
*sulcus
*tuberosity
*diaphysis
*trochlea
*condyle
Term
Femur surface features
Definition
*trochanter
*neck
*head
*diaphysis
*facet
*condyle
Term
Pelvis surface features
Definition
*crest
*fossa
*line
*spine
*ramus
Term
Diaphysis (shaft)
Definition
*contains medullary cavity
*filled w/ marrow
*red marrow (blood cells)
*yellow marrow (adipose)
Term
Periosteum features
Definition
*smaller blood vessels
*lymphatic vessels
*sensory nerves
Term
osteocytes
Definition
*mature bone cells that cannnot divide
*most numerous bone cell type
*maintain protein & mineral content
*occupy lacunae (pocket)
Term
osteoblast
Definition
*produce new bony matrix
*become osteocytes once surrounded by boney matrix
Term
osteoprogenitor
Definition
*mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblast
*important in fracture repair
Term
osteoclast
Definition
*remove and remodel bone matrix
*giant cells w/ 50+ nuclei
*release acids & enzymes to dissolve matrix & release minerals
Term
periosteum
(two layers)
Definition
1. fibrous outer layer
2. cellular inner layer
*isolate bones from surrounding tissue
*route for blood and nervous supply
*actively participate in bone growth and repair
Term
perforating fibers
Definition
*created by osteoblast in periosteum cellular layer
*stongly connect tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone though periosteum
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