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Chapter 6
Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/29/2013

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Term
Skeletal System Functions
Definition
Support
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
Protection
Leverage
Term
Foramen
Definition
Small, rounded passageway through which blood vessels or nerves penetrate the bone.
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix through the turnover of matrix components
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Make and release proteins and other organic components of the bone matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor cells
Definition
mesenchymal cells that divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, and they are thus important in the repair of a fracture
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Cells that remove and recycle bone matrix. Giant cells with 50 or more nuclei
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Wraps bones. Isolates the bone from surrounding tissues, provides a route for the blood and nervous supply, and actively participates in bone growth and repair
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity. Active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
Term
Endochondral ossification
Definition
The replacement of a cartilaginous model with bone
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
The formation of bone without a prior cartilaginous model
Term
Fracture
Definition
A crack or break in a bone
Term
Fracture Hematoma
Definition
A large blood clot that forms after a fracture (over a period of several hours)
Term
Internal Callus
Definition
Forms after a fracture as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges
Term
External Callus
Definition
Cartilage and bone that stabilizes the outer edges of a fracture
Term
Closed Fracture
Definition
Completely internal. Can only be seen on x-rays, because they do not involve a break in the skin
Term
Open Fracture
Definition
Project through the skin. More dangerous than closed fractures, due to the possibility of infection or uncontrolled bleeding.
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