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Chapter 6
Anatomy Vocab
45
Anatomy
11th Grade
10/04/2010

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Term
skeletal system
Definition
bones and cartilage that protect our organs and allow us to move.
Term
orthopedics
Definition
medicals, deals with the preservation and restoration of skeletal system.
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
immature red blood cells, adipocytes, and macrophages. (developing)
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
chemical energy - made of adipose tissue and few blood cells.
Term
long bones
Definition
bones that are greater in length than width. consists of shaft, extremities, and are slightly curved.
Term
short bones
Definition
cube shaped. length and width nearly equal. spongy bone with thin top layer of compact bone. (wrist and ankle.)
Term
flat bones
Definition
thing, two parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone. (ribs, scapula.)
Term
irregular bones
Definition
complex shapes, don't fall under other 3 groups. vary in amount of spongy and compact bones. (backbone.)
Term
sutural bones
Definition
small bones in between joints of certain cranial bones.
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
smaller bones in tendons where considerable pressure develops.
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft part of bone.
Term
epiphysis 
Definition
extremities of bones.
Term
metaphysis
Definition
mature, where diaphysis meets epiphysis. for growth, contains epiphyseal plate.
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
where bone length growth occurs.
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
thin layer of hyaline cartilage, covers epiphysis, where bone forms a joint, reduces friction, absorbs shock.
Term
periosteum 
Definition
membrane around surface of bone. not covered by cartilage.

two layers: connective tissue and nerves/blood vessels.
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
space in diaphysis that contains marrow.
Term
endosteum
Definition
lines medullary cavity.
Term
osseous tissue
Definition
bone tissue (CT).
Term
osteoprogenitor
Definition
undergo mitosis to become osteoblasts.
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
cells that form bone.
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells.
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
develop from monocytes, function in bone reabsorption.
Term
calcification 
Definition
salts in bone tissue harden.
Term
compact bone tissue
Definition
forms external part of bone, contains few spaces, bulk of shaft of longbones. 
Term
haversian canal
Definition
series of tubes.
Term
cocentric lamallae
Definition
rings of hard matrix.
Term
lacunae
Definition
small spaces between lamellae, contains osteocytes.
Term
canaliculi
Definition
provide nutrients and remove waste from bone.
Term
haversian system
Definition
osteon (complete bone).
Term
spongy bone (cancellous)
Definition
no osteons, lattice work.
Term
trabeculae 
Definition
thin plates of bone (in spongy bone).
Term
ossification
Definition
process by which bone forms.
Term
intramembranous ossification
Definition
occurs directly on or within fibrous connective tissue membranes.
Term
endochondrial ossification
Definition
formation of bone within a cartilage model.
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
bones of skull, auditory, hyoid bone, ribs, breast/back bone.
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
upper and lower extremeties/girdles.
Term
skull
Definition
on vertebral column. consists of cranial and facial bones.
Term
cranial bones
Definition
eight - enclose and protect brain.
Term
facial bones
Definition
fourteen - nasal bone, maxillae, etc.
Term
suture
Definition
immovable joint between two skull bones.
Term
coronal suture
Definition
between the frontal bone and two parietal bones.
Term
sagittal suture
Definition
between two parietals
Term
lambdoid suture
Definition
between parietals and occipital bones.
Term
squamous suture
Definition
between parietals and temporal bones.
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