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chapter 6 test guide
long sleepless nights
45
Anatomy
12th Grade
12/05/2010

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Term
perimysium
Definition
wraps a fascile
Term
sarcomere
Definition
the contracile unit between two discs
Term
myosin protein
Definition
composed of thick filaments
Term
myofible, fibercells, myofilament, sarcomere, facile from largest to smallest
Definition
1.fascile
2. fibercell
3.myofible
4. sarcomere
5.myofilament
Term
Na++
Definition
expose myosin binding sites on actin
Term
Mechanical force of contraction
Definition
sliding of thin filaments past thinck ones
Term
Axon terminals of the motor neuron
Definition
release neurotransmitters
Term
Actin filaments
Definition
myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of
Term
CP functions with in the muscle cell
Definition
by storing energy that will go from ADP to ATB
Term
Anerobic glycolysis occurs with out
Definition
oxygen
Term
Anerobic glycolysis and lactic acid
Definition
form the fastest
Term
masseter, and temporalis
Definition
closes the jaw
Term
Soleus
Definition
inserts on the calcaneus
Term
Pectoralis major
Definition
located on the ventral side of the body
Term
platysma
Definition
not responsible for flexion or extension of the arm
Term
isometric
Definition
a contraction in which a skeletal muscle does not shorten but its tension increases
Term
tetanus
Definition
a smooth, sustained contraction
Term
synaptic cleft
Definition
the gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction
Term
sarcomere
Definition
the area between two intercalated disk
Term
thick filaments
Definition
composed of myosin protein
Term
muscle fatigue
Definition
insufficient intracellular quantites of ATP due to excessive consuption
Term
What is the effect of aging on skeletal muscles?
Definition
With aging, the amount of connective tissue in muscle increases and the amount of skeletal muscle tissue decreases, thus the muscles become stringier (more sinewy). Since skeletal muscle represents a larger portion of body weight, it begins to decline in elderly persons as this normal loss of muscle mass occurs. Another result of the loss in muscle mass is a decrease in muscle strength—strength decreases by about 50% by the age of 80. Regular exercise can help offset the effects of aging on the muscular system, and frail elders who begin to "pump iron" can rebuild muscle mass and significantly increase their functional strength.
Term
Isotonic contractions
Definition
when muscles shorten and movement occurs due to the sliding of the myofilaments. Flexion and extension of the arm are just two examples of isotonic contractions.
Term
motor unit
Definition
one neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates.
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition
occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell
Term
Z line
Definition
.actin is anchored at the Z line
. located at the ends of a sarcomere
Term
sarcomere
Definition
part of the muscle that contracts
Term
myofibrils
Definition
smaller units that make up muscle fibers
Term
slow-twitch muscle
Definition
have great endurance and store a lot of oxygen
Term
myosin and actin
Definition
protein filaments that make up myofibrils
Term
fast-twitch muscles
Definition
adapted for strenght and store little oxygen
Term
ATP
Definition
energy for muscles probided by cellular respiration
Term
Steps of Muscle contraction
Definition
1. A nerve impulse travels to the muscle
2. calcium is released into the myofibrils
3.Calcium causes Myosin and actin to attach to each other
4. thin filaments are pulled to the center of the sarcome
5. The muscle contracts
Term
endomysium
Definition
a delicate connective tissue sheath
Term
epimysium
Definition
bound fascils
Term
thin filaments
Definition
composed of protein called actin
Term
muscle twitches
Definition
single brief, jerk contractions
Term
resitstance or isometric exercises
Definition
weight lifting
Term
insertion
Definition
attached to the movable bone and when the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin
Term
flexion
Definition
a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer togehter
.typical of hinge joints and beding forward at the hip
Term
extension
Definition
opposite of flexion, so it is a movement that increases the ange or the distance, between two bones or parts of the body.
.straightening the knee or elbow
Term
rotation
Definition
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
.rotation is a common movement of ball and socket jointsw and decribes the movement of the atleas around the dens of the axis
Term
Abduction
Definition
moving a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body
Term
Adduction
Definition
Adduction is the opposite of abduction, so the movement of a limb toward the body midline
Term
Cirumduction
Definition
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction commonly seen in ball and socket joints such as the shoulder. the proximal end of the limb is stationary and its distal end moves ina a circle. the lmb as a whole outlines a cone
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