Term
| Which connective tissues is the skeleton made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeleton starts as ____, then ______ to become _______. |
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Definition
| Skeleton starts as cartilage, then ossifies to become bones. |
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Term
Cartilage's:
1. Vascularity
2. Cells that form cartilage
3. Ability to regenerate
4. Tissue that supplies nutrients
5. Types of cartilage |
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Definition
1. Avascular
2. Chondroblasts
3. Poor
4. Perichondrium
5. Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage |
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Term
| Characteristics of hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| made up of collagen fibers; strong, slightly flexible; most abundant type of cartilage |
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Term
| Types of Hyaline Cartilage |
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Definition
1. Articular - found at the joints
2. Costal - connects ribs to sternum
3. Nasal - outside of nose
4. Respiratory - trachea, larynx |
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Term
| Characteristics of Elastic Cartilage |
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Definition
| Made up of more elastic fibers; much more flexible; located at the outer ear and the epiglottis |
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Term
| Characteristics of Fibrocartilage |
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Definition
| Chondrocytes interspersed with collagen fibers; strong, yet compressible; shock-absorber; located at knee joints, pelvis, and intervertebral joints. |
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Term
| Classification of Bone According to Shape |
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Definition
1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular |
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Term
| Characteristics of Long Bones |
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Definition
1. Diaphysis
2. Epiphyses
3. Epiphyseal Line
4. Periosteum
5. Endosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| Long shaft of the long bone; contains the medullar cavity, which holds yellow marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on the proximal and distal ends of the long bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Remnant of the Epiphyseal Cavity, which was full of Hyaline cartilage to separate the diaphysis from the epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane that covers the entirety of the outside of the bone. Made up of dense irregular CT, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines the medullary cavity. Delicate CT membrane, also made up of osteoblasts/clasts |
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Term
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Definition
| cube-like. Make up the tarsals, carpals, and patellae |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat. (duh) Includes the sternum, scapulae, ribs, and some roofing bones of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| Hip bone, some facial bones, vertebrae |
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Term
| Projections to attach muscle |
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Definition
1. Tuberosity - large rounded projection
2. Tubercle - small rounded projection
3. Epicondyle - small projections on the condyle |
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Term
| Projections to form joints |
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Definition
| Condyle - articular and rounded |
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Term
| Depressions/Openings that allow blood vessels and nerves passage |
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Definition
1. Foramen - wide, oval-like passage
2. Fissure - narrow, crack-like passage
3. Meatus - canal-like |
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Term
| Types of bone classification according to osseous tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of Compact Bone |
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Definition
| Smooth, dense appearance; structural unit = osteons |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of multiple units of bone matrices, called LAMELLA |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of collagen fibers that run in opposite directions, giving a good resistance to twisting. Surround the Haversian Canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Center of lamella, runs parallel to the osteon's center. Carries blood and nerves throughout the length of the bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located inside of the lamella. House the osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Located inside the lacuna. Are the "Feeling" communicators of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like connectors of lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood and nerves across the osteon, perpendicularly, from periosteum to periosteum. |
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Term
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Definition
| No osteons. Structural unit is trabeculae |
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Term
| Where do trabeculae form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of spongy bone in a long bone |
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Definition
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Term
| The bony skeleton forms through the process of |
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Definition
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Term
| Two types of ossification |
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Definition
1. Intermembranous ossification = occurs in the flat bones of the skull and clavicle.
2. Endochondral = occurs in the already formed hyaline cartilage model in all the other bones below the skull besides the clavicle. |
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Term
| Steps of intermembranous ossification |
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Definition
1. osteoblasts form in the fibrous connective tissue, secreting osteoids.
2. Calcium salt from blood deposits and causes the osteoids to form a bone matrix, trapping the osteoblasts within them to become osteocytes.
3. Spongy bone forms
4. Compact bone forms to encase the spongy bone |
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Term
| Steps of Endochondral Ossification |
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Definition
1. Osteoids from the outside form a bone collar around a hyaline model
2. Chondrocytes enlarge and die, creating an opening for a central ossification center
3. The peripheal bud carries blood to the ossification center, along with osteoblasts, who begin the bone formation process. |
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Term
| Name the four steps of bone repair |
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Definition
1. Hematoma formation = the vessels rupture and cause a hematoma. The lack of nutrients to cells causes inflammation.
2. Fibrocartialinous Callus formation = capillaries invade and introduce new osteoblasts and fibroblasts, along with phagocytes to clear up debris.
3. Bony Callus is formed - spongy tissue has begun to form.
4. Bone remodeling occurs |
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