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Chapter 5: Perineum
pg. 478-496
50
Anatomy
Graduate
10/25/2012
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Term

Identify this structure of the perineum Definition

Ischio-anal fossae
Term
What 3 structures make up the lateral side of the ischio-anal fossae
 Definition
  1. the ischium,
  2. obturator internus muscle,
  3. and the sacrotuberous ligament
Term
The medial wall of the ischio-anal fossae is made up of the...?
 Definition
The medial wall is the levator ani muscle
Term
The inferior wall of each ischio-anal fossae pyramid is the...?
 Definition
deep perineal pouch.
Term
The ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses are normally filled with ____?
 Definition
fat.
Term
The ceiling of the anal triangle is the _____ diaphragm
 Definition
pelvic
Term
What is the major muscle in the anal triangle?
 Definition
external anal sphincter.
Term
The external anal sphincter, which surrounds the anal canal, is formed by what muscle type?
 Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
The external anal sphincter has 3 layers arranged superiorly to inferiorly:
 Definition
  1. deep,
  2. superficial,
  3. and subcutaneous
Term
This layer of the external anal sphincter surrounds the anal aperture
 Definition
subcutaneous layer
Term
What is the innervation and action of the external anal sphincter?
 Definition
  • innervation:inferior rectal branch of the pudenal nerve (S2 & S3)
  • action: closes anal canal
Term

The urogential 3 boundaries include:

  • lateral border
  • anterior "
  • posterior "
 Definition
  • laterally by the ischiopubic rami;
  • anteriorly by the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis.
  • posteriorly by an imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities
Term
Between the perineal membrane and the membranous layer of superficial fascia is the...?
 Definition
superficial perineal pouch.
Term
The superficial perineal pouch contains 2 important items:
 Definition
  1.  erectile tissues of the penis or clitoris
  2. and associated skeletal muscles for erectile function
Term
T/F:Each erectile structure consists of a central core of expandable vascular tissue and its surrounding connective tissue capsule.
 Definition
T
Term
Name the two sets of erectile structures that join to form the penis and the clitoris:
 Definition
  1. corpus cavernosum
  2. corpus spongiosum
Term

Identify the 2 erectile tissues of the urogenital triangle?[image]

 

 

 Definition
...
Term
  • The legs of the corpus cavernosum are called...?
  • Singular?
 Definition
  • Crura
  • Crus

 
Term
In women the corpus spongiosum consist of 2 parts:
 Definition
  1. bulb of vestibule
  2. glans clitoris

 
Term

Identify the 2 parts of the female corpus spongiosum

 [image]

 

 Definition
  1. bulb of vestibule
  2. glans clitoris

 
Term
Identify the corpus spongiosum erectile tissue of the male[image]
 Definition
...
Term
The male corpus spongiosum includes the glans _____?
 Definition
penis
Term
T/F: The corpus spongiosum pattern in men result from the fusion of structures across the midline during embryological development.
 Definition
T
Term
The clitoris is composed of what 2 structures?
 Definition
  1. corpus cavernosum
  2. glans clitoris

 
Term
Identify the root vs. the body of the clitoris[image]
 Definition
  • crura = root
  • corpus cavernosum = body

 
Term
  • The penis is composed of what 2 erectile tissues?
 Definition
  • 2 corpus cavernosum tissues
  • 1 corpus spongiosum

 
Term
What are the 3 erectile areas of the penis?
 Definition
  1. the root of the penis
  2. the bulb "
  3. the body "

 
Term
Identify the 3 erectile areas of the penis[image]
 Definition
  1. root
  2. bulb
  3. body

 
Term
The head of the penis is AKA...
 Definition
Glans Penis
Term
Erection of the penis and clitoris is a vascular event generated by __________ fibers carried in pelvic splanchnic nerves from the anterior rami of __ to __
 Definition
parasympathetic;S2 to S4;
Term
The parasympathetic fibers of the pelvic sphlanchnic nerves enter the inferior hypogastric part of the __________ plexus
 Definition
prevertebral
Term
T/F: The pelvic splanchnic nerves of the prevertebral plexus ultimately pass through the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane to innervate the erectile tissues.
 Definition
T
Term
  • Stimulation of these nerves causes specific arteries in the erectile tissues to ___.
  • This allows blood to fill the tissues, causing the penis and clitoris to become ____.
 Definition
  • relax
  • erect

 
Term
Arteries supplying the penis and clitoris are branches of what artery?
 Definition
the internal pudendal artery
Term
T/F: Branches of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4) carry general sensory nerves from the penis and clitoris.
 Definition
T
Term

[image]

Identify the:

  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineal
 Definition
...
Term
These 2 structures are small, pea-shaped mucous glands that lie posterior to the bulbs of the vestibule on each side of the vaginal opening and are the female homologues of the bulbourethral glands in men
 Definition
The greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands)
Term
T/F: However, the bulbourethral glands are located within the superfical perineal pouch, whereas the greater vestibular glands are in the deep perineal pouch.
 Definition
F-flip superficial and deep
Term
Like the bulbourethral glands in men, the greater vestibular glands produce secretion during what state?
 Definition
sexual arousal.
Term
The superficial perineal pouch contains what 3 muscles?
 Definition
  1. ischiocavernosus
  2. bulbospongiosus
  3. superficial transverse perineal muscle

 
Term
The major function of the ischiocavernosus muscle is to...
 Definition
force blood from the crus into the body of the erect penis and clitoris.
Term
In both men and women what is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?
 Definition

In both men and women, the bulbospongiosus muscles compress attached parts of the erect penis or clitoris and force blood into more distal regions, mainly the glans
Term
In men what 2 additional functions does the bulbospongiosus have?
 Definition
  1. They facilitate emptying of the bulbous part of the penile urethra following urination (micturition); and
  2. their reflex contraction during ejaculation is responsible for the pulsatile emission of semen from the penis.
Term
The function of the superficial transverse perineal muscles are to...?
 Definition
stabilize the perineal body.
Term

Identify the following features of the perineum in women:

  • vulva
  • labia minora
  • labia majora
  • vestibule
  • medial vs. lateral fold
  • frenulum of clitoris
  • prepuce of clitoris
  • frenulum of labia minora
  • fourchette
  • hymen
  • [image]
 Definition
...
Term
The entire area of the female external perineal folds is called the...
 Definition
vulva
Term
The region enclosed between the labia minora, and into which the urethra and vagina open, is the ....
 Definition
vestibule
Term
Anteriorly, the labia minora each bifurcate, forming a _____ and a _____ fold
 Definition
medial;lateral
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