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Chapter 5
(Ch.5) Integumentary System
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/26/2013

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Term
Integumentary System
Definition
consists of skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails
Term
epidermis
Definition
outermost superficial region (epithelial tissue)
Term
dermis
Definition
middle region (connective tissue)
Term
hypodermis
Definition
deepest region (connective tissue)
Term
epidermis
Definition
composed of three cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and langerhan's cells
Term
keratinocytes
Definition
most common cells; mitotic in deepest layer; produce keratin
Term
keratinocytes
Definition
connected by desmosomes; dead and hardened with keratin at free surface
Term
melanocytes
Definition
deepest layer; synthesize pigment- melanin
melanin is taken up by keratinocytes; accumulates on surface of nucleus to protect DNA from UV radiation of sun
Term
Langerhan's cels
Definition
phagocytes (destroys foreign invaders of epidermis)
Term
Stratified Epithelial Tissue
Definition
functions in protection (found in areas of abrasion)
Term
avascular
Definition
capillaries of dermis supply nutrients and o2; removes wastes
Term
epidermis
Definition
contains nervous supply
Term
melanin
Definition
ranges in color and intensity: yellow, reddish-brown, black pigment
amount and kind produced determines skin color
Term
carotene
Definition
yellow to orange pigment
accumulates in stratum corneum
most obvious in palms and soles of feet
Term
hemglobin
Definition
reddish pigment found in blood-blood vessel distribution
dilation of blood vessel increases flow
responsible for pinkish hue of skin
Term
papillary layer
Definition
thin, superficial layer, deep to stratum basale
areolar connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)
superior suface contains projections
Term
dermal papillae
Definition
pushes up epidermis into ridges forming fingerprints
Term
reticular layer
Definition
majority of thickness of skin
dense irregular connective tissue
Term
hypodermis
Definition
layer deep to the skin
composed of adipose tissue
Term
hypodermis
Definition
connects skin to underlying muscle
shock absorber, insulation, store fat for energy
Term
sudoiferous sweat glands

eccrine and apocrine
Definition
located everywhere except for nipples and parts of external genitalia-simple tubular glands
two types: ____and ___
Term
eccrine sweat glands
Definition
secretory unit located in dermis; duct opens at a pore on stratum corneum surface
releases watery secretion
Term
apocrine sweat glands
Definition
only found in axillary and pubic regions
duct opens in hair follicle
secretory unit located in dermis
(more viscous than other type)
Term
sebaceous (oil) glands
Definition
all over body except for palms of hands and soles of feet
simple alveolar glands
softens and lubricates hair and skin
holocrine glands
Term
holocrine glands
Definition
rupture and release oil(sebum) into hair follicle
Term
hair
Definition
strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles
contains hard keratin
color determined by amount of melanin produced by melanocytes
Term
hard keratin
Definition
tougher than keratin of epidermis
it does not flake off cells
Term
hair shaft
Definition
projecting from skin
Term
hair root
Definition
embedded in follicle
Term
hair follicle
Definition
invagination of epidermal surface into the dermis
deep end is expanded forming hair bulb
bending a hair stimulates nerve endings; hairs are touch receptors
Term
hair root follicle/ root hair plexus
Definition
knot of sensory nerve endings wrapped around hair bulb
Term
hair bulb
Definition
mitotic cells are pushed up and keratinized
Term
protection, synthesis of Vitamin D, body temp regulation, excretion of small amounts of nitrogenous wastes in sweat
Definition
functions of integumentary system
Term
body temp increases
Definition
dermal blood vessels dilate and sweat glands activated sweat evaporates; carries heat from skin surface
Term
body temp decreases
Definition
dermal vessels constrict
blood is directed into internal organs and away from skin surface-(conserves heat)
Term
stratum basale
Definition
deepest epidermal layer,firmly attached to dermis
consists of SINGLE ROW of cells
Term
stratum basale
Definition
keratinocytes undergoing rapid cell division
numerous melanocytes
keratinocytes of this layer migrate into next
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
several layers thick
keratinocytes begin to shrink, irregular shape
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
melanin granules and Langerhan's cells are abundant
keratinocytes of this layer migrate into next layer
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
3-5 cell layers thick
keratinocytes flatten, nuclei and organelles begin to disintegrate
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
begin keratin production (ribosomes die last)
keratinocytes of this layer migrate into next
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
thin, transparent band superficial to stratum granulosum
consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
present only in thick skin on palms and soles
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
outermost layers (20-30) of flat, dead skin cells
somewhat hardened dueto keratin accumulation (waterproofing)
cells are lost due to abrasion (protection)
Term
nerves
Definition
receptors for touch, pressure, pain, temp, and motor control of arrector pill muscles
Term
dermis
Definition
contains nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels(returns excess fluid to blood vessels), and hair follicles, sweat glands and oil glands (derived from epithelial tissue but located here)
Term
burn
Definition
tissue damage due to intense heat, electricity, radiation, or chemicals.
Term
first degree burn
Definition
only epidermis is damaged
localized redness
swelling and pain
Term
second degree burn
Definition
epidermis and upper regions of dermis damaged
blisters appear
Term
third degree burn
Definition
entire thickness of skin is damaged
discolored
little or no edema
no initial pain-nerve endings are destroyed
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