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Chapter 5
Stephanie is Fat
70
Anatomy
10th Grade
10/18/2011

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Cards

Term
Stephanie
Definition
Fatty
Term
Thick Skin
Definition

found on palms of hands and soles of feet, contains 5 layers

about 0.5 mm 

Term
Adipose
Definition
Steph
Term
Thin Skin
Definition

covers most of body

4 layers

missing stratum lucidum

0.08 mm 

Term
Strata (stratum)
Definition
cell layers
Term
Order of cell layers from basement membrane toward the free surface
Definition

Stratum Germinativum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Glanulosum

Stratum Lucidum (in thick skin)

Stratum Corneum

Term
Stratum Germinativum
Definition

Deepest epidermal layer

also called stratum basale

firmly attached to basement membrane

forms epidermal ridges

Term
basement membrane
Definition
separates the epidermis from the loose connective tissue of the adjacent dermis
Term
Epidermal ridges
Definition

formed by stratum germinativum

extends to dermis which increases the area of contact between the two regions

Term
Dermal Papillae
Definition
Dermal projections that extend upward between adjacent ridges.
Term
there are no blood vessels in the epidermis
Definition
yeah yeah
Term
Germinative Cells
Definition

Large Stem Cells

dominate the stratum germinativum, making it the layer wehre new cells are generated and begin to grow

These cells replace cells lost or shed at the epithelial surface

 

 

Term
Melanocytes
Definition

In stratum germinativum

Cells whose cytoplasmic processes extend bethween epithelial cells in this layer

Provide receptors that provide information about objects touching the skin

synthesize melanin

Term
Melanin
Definition
Brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment that colors the epidermis.
Term
Intermediate Strata
Definition
contains stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum lucidum
Term
Stratum spinosum
Definition

spiny layer (osum just added to make it sound smart)

when a cell divides, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum spinosum, where it may continue to divide and make the epithelium thicker

Term
Stratum granulosum
Definition

grainy layer (osum added to make it sound smart)

consists of cells displaced from the stratum spinosum

cells stop dividing and make keratim

Term
Keratin
Definition

protein produced in stratum granulosum

water-resistant and durable

coats surface of skin

basic structure of hair, calluses, and nails

Term
stratum lucidum
Definition

clear layer

in thick skin

covers the stratum granulosum

flattened, densely packed, and filled with keratin

Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition

most superficial layer of the epidermis

15-30 layers of flattened and dead epitherlial cells that have accumulated large anounts of keratin-keratinized or cronified cells

Term
Carotene
Definition
Orange-yellow pigment
Term
melanin
Definition
already did this one
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
manufacture and store melanin within intracellular vesicles
Term
ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Definition

stimulates synthesis of vitamin D3 in epidermis

too much causes burns

melanin helps prevent skin damage by absorbing uv radiation before it can damage nuclear DNA

Term
ratio of melanocytes to stem cells
Definition
between 1:4 and 1:20
Term
cyanosis
Definition

skin takes on bluish color

most apparent in lips, ears, or beneath the nails.

response to extreme cold, circulatory or respiratory disorders

Term
vitamin D3
Definition

converted from a cholesteral-related steroid by epidermal cells in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum

absorbed, modified, and released by the liver and then converted by kidneys into calcitriol.

Term
Calcitriol
Definition
hormone essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by small intestine
Term
Basal cell carcinoma
Definition

most common skin cancer

originates in the stratum germinativum

Term
Squamous cell carcinomas
Definition
involve more superficial layers of epidermal cells
Term
Malignant Melanomas
Definition
extremely dangerous
Term
Dermis
Definition
2 major components: superficial papillary layer and deeper reticular layer
Term
Papillary layer
Definition

named after dermal papillae

consists of loose connective tissue that suports and nourishes the epidermis

contains the capillaries and nerves supplying the surface of the skin

Term
Reticular layer
Definition

interwoven meshwork of dense irregular connective tissue

elastic and collagen fibers present


Term
Hypodermis
Definition

subcutaneous layer

loose connective tissues with many fat cells

elastic

no vital organs and few capillaries

Term
Hairs
Definition

project above the surface of the skin almoste everywhere except the sides and soles of the feet, palms of hands, lides of fingers and toes, and lips                      dead cells that have been pushed to the surface 

 

 

 

 

Term
Hair follicles
Definition
The organ where hair is produced
Term
Hair papilla
Definition
peg of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves
Term
Hair root
Definition
the portion that anchors the hair into the skin
Term
Hair shaft
Definition

the part we see on the surface

consists of 3 layers of dead keratinized cells: cuticle, cortex, and medulla

Term
cuticle
Definition
made up of an overlapping shingle-like layer of cells
Term
cortex
Definition
underlying layer
Term
Medulla
Definition

makes up the core of the hair

contains flexible soft keratin

Term
arrector pili
Definition

muscle extends from papillary dermis to connective tissue sheath that surrounds each hair follicle

causes hair to stand up

Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition

Oil glands

holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion into hair follicles or onto skin

Term
Sebum
Definition
secretion that lubricates the skin and hair and inhabits the growth of bacteria.
Term
Apocrine sweat glands
Definition
sweat odor
Term
merocrine sweat glands
Definition

eccrine sweat glands

coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin

Term
Nails
Definition
Keratinized epidermal cells that protect the tips of fingers and toes
Term
Nail Body
Definition

dense mass of dead keratinized cells

covers the nail bed

Term
Nail Bed
Definition
an area of epidermis covered by the nail body
Term
Nail Root
Definition

an epithelial fold not visible from the surface

where nail production occurs

Term
Cuticle
Definition

eponychium

formed by a portion of the stratum corneum of the fold extending over the exposed nail nearest the root

Term
lunula
Definition
pale crescent near the root
Term
scab
Definition
blood clot that forms at the surface temporarily restores the integrity of the epidermis and restricts the entry of addtitional microorganisms
Term
granulation tissue
Definition
combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network
Term
scar tissue
Definition
inflexible frbrous noncellular
Term
keloid
Definition

thickened area of scar tissue covered by a shiny smooth epidermal surface

harmless

Term
first degree burn
Definition
inflamed and tender
Term
second degree burn
Definition
blisters and very painful
Term
third degree burn
Definition
charred and no sensation at all
Term
integumentary system
Definition

integument

two major components: Cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

Term
cutaneous membrane
Definition

skin

organ composed of the superficial apithelium and the underlying connective tissue (the epidermis and dermis)

Term
epidermis
Definition
superficial epithelium
Term
dermis
Definition
underlying connective tissues
Term
accessory structures
Definition
hair, nails, and a variety of exocrine glands
Term
subcutaneous layer
Definition

hypodermis

loose connective tissue

attaches the integument to deeper structures

Term
hypodermis
Definition
loose connective tissue of the subcutaneous layer
Term
5 major functions of the integument
Definition

protection

temp. maintenance

synthesis and storage of nutrients

sensory reception

excretion and secretion

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