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chapter 5 the skeletal system
ch 5 skeletal system
35
Anatomy
Not Applicable
06/03/2010

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Cards

Term

 

 

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Definition

-Support - framework for the attachment of soft tissue

-Protects soft tissues

-Storage depot - calcium salts that make bones hard is valuable 

   mineral reserve

-Blood cell production 

-Movement - form levers that skeletal muscles attach

Term

 

 

MATRIX OF OSSEOUS TISSUE

Definition

-Salts (2/3) provide bone with compressional strength

-Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide combine to

     crystals (AKA harden bone)

-Other salts are also present in lesser amounts (sodium,

    magnesium, fluoride) Collagen (1/3) provide bone with  

    tensile strength(aka flexibility of cells)

Term

CELLS OF OSSEOUS TISSUE OSTEOCYTES

Definition

-Mature bone cells

-Regulate and monitor protein and mineral content of the matrix -Occupy small chambers (lacunae) that are between layers of

   calcified matrix (lamellae)

-Channels (canaliculi) permeate the matrix from lacuna to lacuna

   and provide a route for diffusion of nutrients and waste

   products

Term

CELLS OF OSSEOUS TISSUE OSTEOBLASTS

Definition

-responsible for production of new bone by secretion of

   osteoid which later becomes ossified

-make new bone

-when calcium salts are deposited, these become osteocytes

Term

CELLS OF OSSEOUS TISSUE OSTEOPROGENITOR

Definition

-Stem cells that can produce more osteoblast

-Important during times of injury

Term

CELLS OF OSSEOUS TISSUE OSTEOCLASTS

Definition

-Giant cell with 50 or more nuclei

-Secrete acids that dissolve bone matrix

Amino acids

Minerals

-Important regulation of the activity of osteoblasts and

 osteoclasts

-multinucleated

*osteoporosis - clasts work faster than blasts

Term

BONE TISSUE

Definition

-2 TYPES,

-BOTH IS FOUND IN MOST BONES

1)COMPACT BONE

2)SPONGY BONE

Term

COMPACT BONE

Definition

-dense and solid and generally forms the walls of typical bones -Provides tremendous vertical strength

 -Osteons or Haversian systems form the functional unit

Term

OSTEONS/HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS OF COMPACT BONE

Definition

-Central (Haversian) canals - blood supply

-Perforating canals (canals of Volkman) extend perpendicularly

  and deliver blood into deep osteons and service the marrow

  cavity

-Concentric lamellae, canaliculi, lacunae

-Interstitial lamellae fill in spaces between osteons

-Circumferential lamellae cover the external and internal

  surface of compact bone

Term

SPONGY BONE

Definition

-forms an open network of struts and plates and is arranged in an internal layer surrounding the marrow cavity 

-Maintains strength but makes the bone much lighter  

-Lamellae form trabeculae 

-Nutrients enter bone through canaliculi (no central canal as in

   osteons)

*NO OSTEONS *ON INNER LAYER B/T COMPACT BONE *CANALICULI=TINY HOLES ON TRABECULAE

Term

PERIOSTEUM MEMBRANE OF BONE

Definition

-outer membrane(dense irreg. CT)

- Isolates and protects bone from surrounding tissue

-Location of attachment of blood vessels and nerves

-Involved in bone growth and repair

-Attachs bone to connective tissue network of the deep fascia

 

Term

ENDOSTEUM MEMBRANE OF BONE

Definition

-Lines the marrow cavity (inner membrane)

-Lines the central canals of osteons

*simple squamous

Term

LONG BONES

Definition

-humerous, radius, ulna, femur

-Diaphysis (shaft)

-Epiphyses (2) - growth plates

-Metaphyses (2) – connects

-Marrow cavity - blood production

Term

SHORT BONES

Definition

-carpal bones and tarsal bones

-Box-like bones Compact and spongy bone (no marrow)

Term

FLAT BONES

Definition

-roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae

-Compact and spongy bone

-Usually curved bones(ribs, skull)

Term

IRREGULAR BONES

Definition
vertebrae and other bones of the skull -weird shape
Term

SESAMOID

Definition

- patella

-within a tendon or crossing a joint

ex:in point finger and big toe and wrist

Term

WORMIAN

Definition
(sutural) - small bones located within suture of the skull
Term

PNEUMATIZED

Definition

-hollow or contain air pockets/sinuses

ex:frontal and sphenoid

Term

 

bone markings

 

SINUS

Definition
-chamber normally filled with air
Term

 

bone markings

 

FISSURE

Definition
-elongated cleft
Term

 

bone markings

 

FORAMEN

Definition
-round passageway for bloodvessels and/or nerves
Term

 

bone markings

 

FOSSA

Definition
-shallow depression
Term

 

bone markings

 

PROCESS

Definition
-projection or bump
Term

 

bone markings

 

RAMUS

Definition
-extension ofa bone making an angle to the rest of the bone
Term

 

bone markings

 

MEATUS

Definition
passageway or canal through a bone
Term

 

bone markings

 

SPINE

Definition
a pointed process
Term

 

bone markings

 

CREST

Definition
prominent ridge
Term

 

bone markings

 

HEAD

Definition
expanded articular end of an epiphysis
Term

 

bone markings

 

TROCHANTER

Definition

large, rounded projection

-muscle attachment

Term

 

bone markings

 

 

TUBEROSITY

Definition

rough projection

-muscle attachment

Term

bone markings

 

TUBERCLE

Definition

small, rounded projection

-muscle attachment

Term

bone markings

 

FACET

Definition

small, flat, articulating surface

-bone articulation (2 bones connected)

Term

bone markings

 

CONDYLE

Definition

smooth, rounded articular process

--bone articulation (2 bones connected)

Term

bone markings

 

TROCHLEA

Definition

smooth, grooved articular process

-bone articulation (2 bones connected)

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