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| Towns grew up along ___________________________. |
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| During the Middle Ages, Europe experienced a _____________________ that enables farmers to grow more crops. |
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| _______________ did experience a republican form of government. |
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| Because Venetians would not punish ______________, the Roman Church denied them access to sacraments. |
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| ____________________ had not freed the Holy Land by the end of the 13th century. |
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| ________________ was an English poet |
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| The _________________________ was fought between England and France. |
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| The Crusades brought ___________________________ writings into Europe. |
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| A _____________ is a royal official who collected taxes for the king and ensured justice in carrying out laws |
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| ________________________ were large cities during the Middle Ages. |
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| Rounded vaults and thick walls are features of ___________________________. |
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| The _______________________ was divided into two groups. |
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| Banks issued _____________________ to wealthy merchants. |
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| The roman church lost most of its credibility when it could not stop __________________________. |
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| _________________________ is an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise. |
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| _____________________ of Paris founded a new dynasty in France. |
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| ________________________ founded the Norman dynasty in England after invading the country in 1066. |
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| _______________, the grandson of _____________________, strengthened English royal authority by using _____________________. |
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| Henry II, William the Conqueror, circuit courts |
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| _______________________ can be characterized by colorful stained-glass windows, high ceilings, and warmth and brightness. |
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| ________________ was a King in France |
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| The ___________________ occurred in Spain. |
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| The ______________________ political power grew in _______________ and became dominant during the Middle Ages. |
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| Venice was located on the _______________________ and had a large navy. |
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| The ___________________ was a common spoken language. |
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| The Canterbury Tales gave information about _____________ in England. |
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| _____________ were accuesed of starting the plague and were persecuted because of it. |
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| A large church often built in wealthy cities |
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| uniform laws for all of England |
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| The leading palace official for the French king |
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| Rules and expectations for kings |
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| local citizens who accused criminals |
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| a bench on which moneylenders sat |
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| a document freeing townspeople from feudal duties |
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| a record of accusations issued by a court |
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| a papal decree denying groups access to sacraments |
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| Parliment's limiting the king's power by controlling the tax system |
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| The Gothic Architectural feature provided external support, enabling churches to be taller |
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| The document whose name means "Great Charter", which was forced upon King John and set limits to royal power |
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| The political power of the Roman Church was highest during this pope's rule. |
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| What contributed to the decline of feudalism? |
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| 1. People who used to live on the land controlled by nobles, now were moving to towns. The towns began to dominate the land. 2. Improved farming methods meant that farmers could produce more and better crops to feed more people. Better methods in crop production meant that the nobles needed fewer people to run the castle lands 3. Towns became places of opportunity for poor farmers, butchers, bakers, carpenters, and other craftsmen moved to towns and prospered. 4. The nobles who owned the land gave the townspeople a town charter that freed the people from many feudal duties. |
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| What were the motives for the Crusades? |
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| 1. For the Roman Church, it created an opportunity to expand its influence. 2. The nobles who led forces in the Crusades saw this as an opportunity for gaining wealth and land. 3. Religious fervor and the promise of rewards in the afterlife motivated many. 4. Some saw it as a great opportunity for travel and adventure. 5. Merchants found it to be a source of great wealth as the delivered armies and supplies and returned with shiploads of treasures to sell. |
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