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Chapter 5 Terms
Government 310L
33
History
Undergraduate 1
06/19/2011

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Term
Active Partisan
Definition

people who identify with a party, vote in elections, and participate in additional party and party-candidate activities

 

Term
Capitalism
Definition
an economic system characterized by private ownership of productive assets where decisions about how to use these assets are made by individuals and firms operating in a market rather than government
Term
Collective Public Opinion
Definition

the political attitudes of the public as a whole, expressed as averages or percentages

 

Term
Conservative
Definition
the political position which holds that the federal government ought to play a very small role in economic regulation, social welfare, and overcoming racial inequality
Term
Core Beliefs
Definition
individual's views about the fundamental nature of human beings, society, and economy; taken together, they comprise the political culture
Term
Economic Conservatives
Definition
people who favor private enterprise, minimal regulation of business and low taxes
Term
Economic Liberals
Definition
people who favor government regulation of businesses and government spending for social programs
Term
Isolationism
Definition
the policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries
Term
Leaners
Definition
people who claim to be independents but say they consistently favor one party over another
Term
Liberals
Definition
the political position that holds that the federal government has a substantial role to play in economic regulation, social welfare, and overcoming racial inequality
Term
Multilateralist
Definition

the stance toward foreign policy that suggests that the United States should seek the cooperation of other nations and multilateral institutions in pursuing its goals;

one who believes the United States should use its military and diplomatic power in the world in cooperation with other nations and international organizations

Term
Party Identification
Definition
the sense of belonging to one or another political party
Term
Policy Preferences
Definition

citizens' preferences concerning what policies they want government to pursue

 

Term
Political Efficacy
Definition
the sense that an individual can affect what government does
Term
Political Ideology
Definition

a system of interrelated and coherently patterned beliefs and attitudes

 

Term
Political Socialization
Definition
the process by which individuals come to have certain core beliefs and political attitudes
Term
Presidential Approval Rating
Definition
a president's standing with the public, indicated by the percentage of Americans who tell survey interviewers that they approve of the presidents "handling of his job"
Term
Public Opinion
Definition
political attitudes and core beliefs expressed by ordinary citizens as revealed by surveys
Term
Random Sampling
Definition
the selection of survey respondents by chance, with equality probability, to ensure their representativeness of the whole population
Term
Sample Survey
Definition
an interview study asking questions of a set of people at random to represent the whole population
Term
Social Conservatives
Definition
people who favor traditional social values; they tend to support law-and-order measures and oppose abortion and gay rights
Term
Social Liberals
Definition
people who favor civil liberties, abortion rights, and the right of people to pursue alternative lifestyles
Term
Unilateralist
Definition

the stance toward foreign policy that suggest that the United States should "go it alone", pursuing its national interests without seeking the cooperation of other nations or multilateral organizations;

one who believes the United States should vigorously use its military and diplomatic power to pursue American national interests in the world, but on a "go it alone" basis

Term
Predisposition
Definition
stable, individual level traits
Term
Attitude
Definition
a feeling about or toward a particular object 
Term
Margin of Error
Definition

the way that we calculate how skewed our sample size is from what the population should look like;

determines how far the sample proportion will be from the true population proportion with a specified degree of confidence

Term
Agents of Socialization
Definition
those institutions and individuals that shape the core beliefs and attitudes of people
Term
Exit Polls
Definition
a poll of voters as they leave the voting by the news media in order to predict the outcome of an election
Term
Gender Gap
Definition
The discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women
Term
Generational Replacement
Definition
a theory that essentially states  that older generations with their broad collective ideals will be replaced by their children and their children’s children who have their own and often different ideas of what is socially acceptable
Term
Ideology
Definition

system of ideas and ideals, esp. one that forms the basis of economic or political policy

Term
Independents
Definition

politicians who are not affiliated with any political party

Term
Opinion Dike
Definition
public opinion keeps political leaders from straying too far from acceptable parameters given by the public
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