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Chapter 5:Integumentary System
All terms from chapter 5
46
Anatomy
10th Grade
10/14/2008

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Term

 

 

 

Langerhans cells

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Macrophages found deep in the epidermis that consume microbes.

 

5-1

Term

 

 

 

Merkel Cells

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Also called tactile cells, these cells signal the brain when an object has touched the skin.

 

5-1

Term

 

 

 

 

apocrine sweat gland (84)

Definition

Type of sweat gland consisting of a coiled portion located in the dermal or subdermal region and a duct which secretes into hair follicles.  These sweat glands are concentrated in the axillae, areola of the nipples, and the anal region.  These sweat glands produce a viscous, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion secreting starting at puberty.

Term

 

 

 

arrector pili (83)

Definition

Smooth muscle in the skin associated with a hair follicle that may contract when a person is scared or cold.  Upon contraction, hair may stand more errect or "goose pimples" may form.

 

 

5-2

 

Term

dermis

(81; 5.1)

Definition

The deeper and thicker region of skin that is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

 

5-1

Term
eccrine sweat gland (83)
Definition

A type of sweat gland which opens onto the surface of the skin; when a person gets hot they become active in order to reduce body temperature.

Term

epidermis

(80, 5.1)

Definition

Outer and thinner layer of skin which consist of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells. 

 

5-1

Term

free nerve ending

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Sensory structures that supply the stratum basale and signal the sensation of  pain and temperature to the brain.

 

5-1

Term
hair follicle (83)
Definition

Tubelike depression consisting of epithelial cells which run deep into the dermis of the skin allowing hair a place to develop. 

 

5-2

Term

hypodermis

(subcutaneous tissue)

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Consisting of loose connective and adipose tissue, this layer lies below the dermis.

 

5-1

Term


integument

(80, 5.1)

Definition

Sometimes called the cutaneous membrane or skin.

 

5-1

Term

integumentary system

(80, 5.1)

Definition

Group of organs that includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

 

5-1

Term
keratin (81)
Definition

A fibrous, waterproof protein which causes hardening of the statum corneum.

 

5-1

Term
lunula (83)
Definition

Pale, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail which consists of a thick layer of rapidly dividing cells.

Term

 

 

 

 

melanin

(81, 5.1)

Definition

The protein pigment mainly responsible for skin color.

 

5-1

Term

melanocyte

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Specialized cell located deep in the epidermis that is responsible for producing the protein that gives us our skin color.

 

5-1

Term
sebaceous gland (84)
Definition

A gland found in the dermis, usually associated with a hair follicle, that produces an oily substance that is secreted into the follicle and then out onto the skin surface.

Term
sebum (84)
Definition

Secreted by sebaceous glands, this oily substance functions in lubricating, water-proofing, & disinfecting the skin surface.

Term

stratum basale

(81, 5.1)

Definition

One layer of cells thick, this deepest stratum of the epidermis consists of cells that are rapidly undergoing mitosis.

 

5-1

Term

stratum corneum

(81, 5.1)

Definition

Tough, most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

 

5-1

Term

stratum granulosum

(81, 5.1)

Definition

The second or third deepest layer of the epidermis which consist of keratohyalin and lamellar granules which help to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body.

 

 

5-1

 

Term
stratum lucidum (81)
Definition

2nd Layer of epidermis found in areas of skin where constant abrasion has created calluses (soles of feet and palms of hands).

 

5-1

Term
stratum spinosum (81)
Definition

4th deepest layer of the epidermis which consists of somewhat cuboidal keratinocytes referred to as "prickle" cells.  The keratinocytes have sharp pointed edges due to the staining process.  Also, the nuclei are often darkened (pyknosis), which is an early sign of cell death.  Cells in this layer are beginning to die.

5-1

Term

 

 

 

 

arrector pili (83)

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

 

acne vulgaris (84)

Definition

 

 

 

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands due to their hyperactivity; leads to the formation of blackheads.

Term

 

 

 

athlete's foot (84)

Definition

 

 

Skin disease caused by fungal infection; usually of the toes and soles of the feet.

Term

 

 

 

basal cell carcinoma (84)

Definition

 

 

Form of skin cancer that begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis & rarely metastasizes but has the capacity to invade local tissues.

Term

 

 

dandruff (84)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Skin disorder characterized by flaking, itchy scalp; caused by accelerated keratinization of the scalp.

 

Term

 

 

eczema(84)

Definition

 

 

Form of non-contagious dermatitis that begins with itchy red patches that thicken and crust over; caused by allergies.

Term

 

 

Impetigo

Definition

 

 

Contagious skin disease caused by bacteria in which vesicles erupt and crust over. 

Term

 

 

 

melanoma (85) 

Definition

 

Deadly form of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes, pigment cells present in the epidermis.

 

Term

 

 

 

mole(85) 

Definition

 

 

 

Raised growth on the skin due to an overgrowth of melanocytes.

Term

 

 

 

psoriasis(85) 

Definition

 

 

Chronic, inherited skin disease in which red patches are covered with scales; occurs most often on the elbows, knees, scalp, and trunk; results in epidermal cell layers building up faster then they are shed.

Term

 

 

squamous cell

carcinoma 

 (85) 

Definition

 

 

A type of skin cancer that begins in the epidermis and is more likely than basal cell carcinoma to spread to other tissues.

Term

 

 

 

urticaria (85)

Definition

 

 

 

also known as hives, this is an allergic reaction characterized by the appearance of reddish, elevated patches and often by itching.

Term

 

 

 

ultraviolet radiation

Definition

 

 

Most common cause of skin cancers.

Term

 

 

 

Redness, swelling, heat & pain.

Definition

 

 

 

Two signs of the inflammatory response in the skin.

 

 

Term

 

 

To prevent further blood loss & keep pathogens from entering the blood.

Definition

 

 

2 benefits to blood clotting.

Term

 

 

White blood cells

&

Fibroblasts

Definition

 

 

2 Cells that move into the dermis after injury.

Term

 

 

 

 

1st Degree burn

 

Definition

 

 

Skin injury caused by excessive heating of the skin that results in redness, pain,& damage to the epidermis.

Term

 

 

 

2nd Degree burn

Definition

 

Skin injury caused by excessive heating of the skin that results in swelling, blisters, damage to the epidermis and part of the dermis, and often scarring.

Term

 

 

 

3rd Degree burn

Definition

 

 

Skin injury caused by excessive heating of the skin that results in complete damage to the epidermis & dermis; no pain is felt and the skin has a leathery feel.

Term

 

 

 

Rules of Nine

Definition

 

 

Used to assess the severity of a burn; related to the total percentage of skin damaged; allows a physician to determine total fluid volume replacement.

Term

 

 

 

Pacinian

Corpuscle

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

Meissner's Corpuscle

Definition
[image]
Term

 

 

sebaceous gland

Definition
[image]
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