Term
| what were the influences that made the development of Chinese civilization different that of India’s? |
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Definition
| a. Political and cultural experience of china had little outside influence and thousands of years of centralized rule. Also, they were the world’s greatest exporter of ideas and goods. |
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Term
| What were the chief effects on China of its borders of deserts and mountains? |
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Definition
a. Limited the principal avenue of outside interaction to a narrow corridor running west of Xi’an, south of Mongolia, and north of Qinghai, spanning the route of Silk Road.
b. Made trade difficult and invasions uncommon |
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Term
| 4. Why was the Yellow River important for China’s development? |
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Definition
a. It picks up mineral rich soil that is easily workable, it brought abundantly productive agriculture to arid northern china, but the constant buildup of silt also caused it to overflow and devastate fields and villages.
b. Also, it changed course 26 times so Yu of Xia dynasty labored for decades to control it. Maybe the centralized bureaucratic structure was dictated in part by this struggle. |
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Term
| Why is the river also called China’s Sorrow? |
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Definition
| c. Its unpredictability had people refer to it as China’s Sorrow. |
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Term
| What is the importance of the village of Banpo |
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Definition
a. Yangshao (painted pottery) culture and kilns
b. Clay beds with flues, the kang, or heated bed
c. Silk weaving because silkworm cocoons and needles
d. Ancestral forms of Chinese writing (pot shards with pictures of animals and geometric markings)
e. Defensive ditches rather than walls |
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Term
| What food sources were important in China during the Neolithic period? Pg 98 |
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Definition
| a. Rice, chickens, cattle |
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Term
| The Three sage kings set what example for future rulers? PAGE 99 |
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Definition
| a. Strong moral leadership and passing the role of leadership on to the land’s most worthy men instead of their own family members |
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Term
| What is the Mandate of Heaven |
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Definition
a. Ruler must be just and humane, can be replaced if he loses authority of heaven
b. Cycle- strong leader arises, pass rule to son, ruler grows corrupt, prosperity declines, natural disaster signals revolt, new dynasty arises |
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Term
| 9. What were the four ranks in Zhou society? |
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Definition
a. Hou- rulers of Zhou dependencies
b. Qing- chief functionaries of the Hou
c. Shi- general category for lower officials, eventually including talented commoners
d. Shuren- remainder of the commoners |
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Term
| 10. What is the Well Field system? |
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Definition
a. A method of land division
b. Each square is divided into nine plots. Individual families work on the outside plots, middle one was farmed in common for the taxes and rents owed to the landowner or officials |
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Term
| 11. What was the significance of the round coins with the square hole in the center? |
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Definition
| a. Symbolically depicted the earth and heaven |
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Term
| 12. Pg 111 – 112 shows the gradual change in the role of women in society? What happens? |
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Definition
a. Elite women in Shang participated in military or political affairs
b. Their skills like silk weaving were highly regarded and they often oversaw workers
c. Treaties were made that barred women from involvement in state affairs
d. By late Zhou women no longer had political power on their own |
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Term
| what were the purpose of oracle bones? Pg 112 |
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Definition
a. People seeking advice have a diviner write their questions on the bones
b. Bones were heated and tapped until they cracked, which was the answer |
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Term
| what is the difference between a pictograph and an ideograph? |
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Definition
a. Pictograph- pictures designating particular objects
b. Ideograph- pictures representing ideas and some purely phonetic characters |
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Term
| Why did the Shang sacrifice to their ancestors? |
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Definition
| a. They believed the ruler was an intermediary between earthly and spiritual world so they did this to ensure the rulers benevolence toward them |
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Term
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Definition
| a. 15-20 sheets of mulberry paper folded into a cardboard-like frame |
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