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Chapter 4-4
Nervous Tissue
12
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/18/2009

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Term


Myelin Sheath

Definition
 
  • Fatty plasma membrane of cells that cover some long neurons axons & give them a white, glistening appearance; produced by Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes.
  • It allows for the more rapid transmission of action potentials through axons.
Term


Nervous

Tissue

Definition

  • Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells. 
  • Consists of neurons & neuroglial cells
Term
Neuroglia
Definition
  • Nonconducting nerve cells that are intimately associated with neurons and function in a supportive capacity.
Term


Neuron

Definition
  • Conducting nerve cells that typically consist of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.
Term

 

 

ependymal

cell

Definition
 
  • Neuroglial cell found lining the ventricles of the brain; they help to produce cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.).
Term


astrocyte

Definition
 
  • Neuroglial cells found in the brain that help to connect capillaries to neurons in order to facilitate the exchange of nutrients and wastes.
Term


microglial cell

Definition

 

Neuroglial cells that support

neurons and engulf bacteria

and cellular debris.

Term

 


oligodendrocytes

Definition
  • Neuroglial cells that produce myelin around the axons of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
Term


nodes of

Ranvier

Definition
 
  • Gaps in the myelin sheath between the Schwann cells of myelinated axons.
Term


axon

Definition
  • A single, thin extension of a neuron which conducts an action potential away from the cell body (soma)
Term


dendrites

Definition
Sometimes numerous, thin extensions which connect to the cell body and receive action potentials from other neurons
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