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Chapter 4
tissues
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/24/2012

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Term
4 Types of tissue
Definition
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Term
Tissue
Definition
groups of cells similar in structure and function
Term
Epithelial tissue
Definition
Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
(ex: skin surface, lining of GI tract/hollow organs)
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Supports, protects, binds other tissues together
(ex: bones, tendons, fat and padding)
*originate from mezenchyme & have matrix
Term
Muscle tissue
Definition
elongated cells specialized to contract to cause movement, structure, function
Term
Nervous tissue
Definition
internal communication
(ex: brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Term
Types of epithelial tissue
Definition
1. covering and lining - on external & internal surfaces
2. glandular - secretory tissues in glands
Term
Epithelial tissue functions
Definition
1. provide physical protection
2. control permeability
3. provide sensation
4. produce specialized secretions (glandular)
Term
Characteristics of Epithelial
Definition
1. cells have polarity - apical (upper, free) and basal (lower, attached) surfaces
2. made of closely packed cells = sheets held together by tight junctions and desmosomes
3. supported by connective tissue reticular lamina
4. avascular but innervated
5. high regeneration rate
Term
Endocrine glands
Definition
ductless glands that secrete hormones via exocytosis that travel through interstitial fluid, lymph, or blood to target organs
Term
Exocrine glands
Definition
*more numerous than exocrine glands
secrete products into ducts & secretions are released in body cavities or on body surfaces
(i.e. salivary, mucous, sweat, oil glands)
Term
3 distinctions of connective tissue
Definition
1. origin cell is mesenchymal
2. varying degrees of vacularity
3. extracellular matrix
Term
Membranes 4 types
Definition
1. cutaneous
2. mucous
3. serous
4. synovial
Term
Functions of Connective tissue
Definition
Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation (blood)
Term
Ground substance
Definition
Medium through which solutes diffuse between blood capillaries and cells
Term
Collagen fibers
Definition
Strongest and most abundant type
Provides high tensile strength
Term
Elastic
Definition
Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch
Term
Reticular
Definition
Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
most abundant tissue type
Term
Connective tissue proper
Definition
loose and dense varieties
*well vascularized
Term
Cartilage
Definition
avascular; hyline, fibrocartilage, elastic
Term
Bone tissue
Definition
hard, collagen matrix
calcium salts
(skeleton)
Term
Blood
Definition
blood cells in plasma matrix
transports nutrients, wastes, etc
Term
Areolar *loose connective
Definition
gel like matrix with cells, fibroblasts; cushions organs & plays role in inflammation
Term
Adipose *loose connective
Definition
fat gel matrix; nucleus pushed to side by large fat drop - provides stored fuel, insulates, supports/protects (fat cells)
Term
Reticular tissue *loose connective
Definition
finely woven reticular fibers
soft ground substance
(bone marrow, stroma)
Term
Dense regular *dense connective
Definition
dense parallel bundles of collagen
few cells
little ground substance
high tensile strength (tendons, ligaments) poorly vascular
Term
Dense irregular *dense connective
Definition
fibers arranged in different planes
-resist multidirectional tension
(dermis)
Term
Elastic *dense connective
Definition
elastic fibers
flexible support (ear, epiglottis)
Term
3 Types of Cartilage
Definition
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
Term
Cutaneous membrane
Definition
skin - covers the body surface
*areolar and epithelial tissue
Term
Mucous membrane
Definition
line body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive and respiratory tracts)
*areolar and epithelial tissue
Term
Serous membrane
Parietal vs visceral
Definition
serous membranes line body cavities
 closed to the exterior.
Parietal serosa = lines internal body walls
visceral serosa = covers internal organs
*mesothelium and areolar tissue
Term
Synovial membrane
Definition
line moving, articulating joint cavities
produce synovial fluid
protect ends of bones
Term
Tissue repair steps
Definition
1. inflammation
-release of inflammatory chemicals
-dilation of blood vessels
-increase in vessel permeability
-clotting occurs
2. organization and restored blood supply
-The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue
-epithelium begins to regenerate
-fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap
-debris is phagocytized
3. regeneration and fibrosis
-the scab detaches
-fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
-results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue
Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
attached to and move bony skeleton
*cells cylindrical & striated
Term
Cardiac muscle
Definition
forms walls of heart; pumps blood
*cells branched and striated
Term
Smooth muscle
Definition
walls of hollow organs; propels substances
*cells spindle shape - no striations
Term
Hyaline cartilage
Definition
firm ground substance
collagen fibers
resists compression
(bone surface, trachea)
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
parallel collagen fibers
support &_compressible
(intervertebral disks,knees)
Term
Types of Connective Tissue
Definition
1. Connective tissue proper
2 Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood
Term
Functions of Connective Tissue
Definition
Binding
Support
Transport (Blood)
Insulation
Fat Storage
Protection
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