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Chapter 4 Holt History
Ancient Egypt and Kush
46
History
7th Grade
10/04/2010

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Term
what is the longest river in the world?
Definition
The Nile
Term
How did societies and settlements develop along the Nile?
Definition
THe hunter-gathers were attracted to the area by plants, wild animals, and fish - provided an abundance of food
Term
What were two important natural barriers that protected Egypt?
Definition
Term
What was Egypt like by 3200 B.C.?
Definition
Villages banded together into two kingdoms-Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt
Term
Who were the early leaders of Lower Egypt and upper Egypt?
Definition
King of lower Egypt ruled from Pe
Menes and Scorpion ruled Upper Egypt
Term
What was the capitol of Menes' dynasty?
Definition
Memphis
Term
Who was Egypts first pharoah?
Definition
Menes
Term
How did the pharoahs mark their kingdom of both upper and lower Egypt?
Definition
wore both the white crown of upper Egypt and the red crown of lower Egypt
Term
What is a series of rulers from one family?
Definition
A dynasty
Term
What are strong rapids that were formed along the Nile by the
Definition
Term
What was the third Dynasty of Egypt called?
Definition
The ol Kingdom
Term
Who was the most famous ruler of the old kingdom?
Definition
Khufu
Term
Why was khufu themost famous ruler of the old kingdom?
Definition
Legend was that he was a cruel ruler
Term
What is a triangle shaped area of land made of soil deposited by a river?
Definition
Delta
Term
What were the levels of social class of Egyptian society?
Definition
1. Pharoah
2. Nobles
3. Middle Class
4. farmers, slaves, servants
Term
What did the Egyptians believe that the Pharoahs were?
Definition
gods
Term
what were the people from the rich and powerful families of Old Egypt called?
Definition
Nobles
Term
what types of people made up the middle class of Egyptian society?
Definition
scribes
craftspeople
Term
Old Egypt - what god of the dead had a human body and a jackals head?
Definition
Anubis
Term
Old Egypt - what was the sun god?
Definition
Re or Amon-Re
Term
Old Egypt - what was the god of the underworld?
Definition
Osiris
Term
Old Egypt - who was the goddess of magic?
Definition
Isis
Term
Old Egypt - who was the god of the pharaohs, a sky god?
Definition
Horus
Term
Old Egypt - what did much of Egyptian religion focus on?
Definition
afterlife (life after death)
Term
what is the name of a person's lifeforce?
Definition
ka
Term
Who were the class of people of Egyptians who could afford to have mummies made?
Definition
elite (people of wealth and power)
Term
What are huge stone tombs with four triangle shaped walls that met in a point at the top?
Definition
Pyramids
Term
What is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes?
Definition
Engineering
Term
Why was a pharoah's authority never questioned?
Definition
He was believed to ge a god
Term
Who's rule and defeat of rivals united Egypt after a period with no central ruler and was the start of the Middle Kingdom?
Definition
Mentuhotep II
Term
What group from Southwest Asia incaded the Middle Kingdom and conquered Lower Egypt?
Definition
Hyksos
Term
Which ruler drove the Hyksos from lower Egypt and again united Egypt under one ruler?
Definition
Ahmose
Term
What marked the beginning of te New Kingdom?
Definition
rule of Ahmose
Term
What was the period in which Egypt reached the height of its pwoer and glory?
Definition
The New Kingdom
Term
who was the woman ruler who ruled Egypt and pretended to be a male ruler?
Definition
Queen Hatshepsut
Term
Who were the people who kept records and accounts for the state?
Definition
scribes
Term
who were the group of people whose jobs required advances skills?
Definition
artisans, artists, architects
Term
What social class of people made up the vast majority of Egypt's population?
Definition
farmers and peasants
Term
what is the name of the Egyptian writing system?
Definition
Hieroglyphics
Term
what is a long laster paper like material made from reeds that was used for writing?
Definition
papyrus
Term
what is a stone slabe inscribed with hieroglyphics that gave historians the key to read the ancient Egyptian writing?
Definition
Rosetta stone
Term
What is the Book of the Dead?
Definition
a text that has stories about the afterlife
Term
What are imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and the heads of other animals or humans?
Definition
sphinx
Term
What is a tall four sided pillar that is pointed on the top? They were used at the entrances of the temples on the sides of the gates
Definition
obelisk
Term
What is the area south of Egypt where a group of people settled?
Definition
Nubia
Term
What name did the Egptians give to the kingdom developed in Nubia?
Definition
Kush
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