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| the first Chinese dynasty around 1500 BC |
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| The Northern song dynasty around 1000 AD |
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| putting knowledge to effective use; can be a concept (idea) or technique (process) |
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| China developed the earliest known ____________, perhaps as early as a few years before the birth of Christ. |
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| formed by combining fibers and rags with water - the mixture was pressed and then allowed to dry |
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| Learned to use this for finding directions during the Song dynasty |
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| another name for a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate; used as with other ingredients to make medicines; later used in gunpowder to propel a bullet or launch fireworks |
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| chinese discovered by accident |
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| During the 3rd century, the Chinese became the first to develop woodblock ______________. |
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| carved images into a block of wood and then applied ink or paint, then pressed against paper or cloth showing a reversed image. |
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| first developed in China around 1041; the characters made out of ceramic; Chinese language was hard and they made little use of this |
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| Chinese were among the first to develop this; formed when iron ore and a small amount of carbon and silicon are heated to 1200o C; it becomes a liquid and can be poured into a mold |
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| became the leading religion early in Chinese history. Almost every home in china contained an altar where the Chinese burned incense to honor their dead hoping this would cause their ancestors to bless and guide them |
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| chinese teacher in the 5th century BC; his teaching is ethical behavior within the 5 human relationships: father and son, elder and younger brothers, husband and wife, friend and friend, & ruler and subjects |
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| developed in India and became an influential religion in China; founded on Four Noble Truths: 1 - suffereing is part of all existence 2 - suffering has a cause - selfish desires 3 - suffering can be overcome by destroying selfish desires 4 - if man followed the Eightfold Path, he will destroy selfish desires and end suffering |
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| Buddhist belief that includes right beliefs, intentions, speech, conduct, labor, effort, thoughts, and meditations |
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| developed in China from the teachings of Lao-tzu; claimed that peace and harmony can be found by living in harmony with nature; a very passive religion that rejects striving after power, wealth and learning |
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| man who encouraged people to live in harmony with nature. |
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| What was the name of the first Chinese dynasty? |
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| Under which Chinese dynasty did the population double? |
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| What product developed by the chinese became a major item for export? |
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| List four of the most important discoveries/inventions made by the Chinese. |
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| paper, compass, gunpowder, printing and cast iron |
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| Which group in Chinese society was considered the lowest class? |
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| What contributions did merchants make that led to the development of cities? |
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| As they bought & sold goods, they produced wealth; Factories were built to produce goods; people were employed to produce goods; towns arose around trading centers & more cities were developed; the standard of living improved & many new products were available f/ them to purchase |
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| The Great Change in Japan |
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| resulted when local rulers replaced a central power and the loyalties of the people were confined to that local ruler. Land formed the basis of wealth and power. The lands were controlled by lords or warriors. The families who worked the land owed their allegiance to the lord. They paid the lord with labor or produce inorder to live on the land. Had no freedom. |
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| Japanese warrior or bushi |
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| the way of the warrior; the samurai lived by this unwritten military code |
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| warrior was t commit suicide rather than be captured |
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| an ancient form of Japanese religion; a form of nature worship believing that everything in nature that was unusual, such as fire, a waterfall or a high mountain, possessed a deity. also viewed the sun as a goddess and the emperor as a descendant of the goddess. |
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| came to Japan from China in the 12th century; emphasized suffering and meditation; helped samaruis on the battlefield |
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| Japan borrowed its written language from what country? |
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| Yoritomo was the first Japanese leader to receive what title? |
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| What kingdom was eventually overtaken by the Dai Viet kingdom? |
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| What modern country developed from Angkor? |
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| Certain characteristics of Zen Buddhism easily applied to the military class in Japan. Explain what they were and how they applied. |
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| Zen required its followers to develop intense mental concentration which enabled the samurai to endure the hardships of battle. Zen also stressed self-control and concentration of energy. These qualities made the difference between succuss or failure on the battlefield. |
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| round tents that could withstand wind and provide shelter; made of light wood covered with layers of felt; designed so they could be packed up and transported when the Mongols moved |
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| Supreme leader over all of the Mongolian tribes; also called great ruler |
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| a law code written by Chinggis Khan that dealt with every area of life; provided for military rules, criminal punishments, tax regulations, court procedures and moral standards |
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| trenches filled with water |
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| Mongol soldiers fired arrows and flaming objects into the cities for weeks; they kept food from going into the city until the people were strving; they fired gunpowder-filled bamboo rockets into the towns |
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| Mongol soldiers would pretend to be beaten and appear to leave their camp empty; when the townspeople came out to plunder the Mongol camp, they would reappear and the Mongol forces would destroy them |
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| divine wind/ storm that sank the Mongol fleet during an attempted invasion |
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| grandson to Chinggis, led Mongol forces into Europe |
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| Europeans called Mongolian forces this |
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| Poles, Czechs and Germans tried to stop the Mongols duing this battle together; Mongols defeated them |
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| empire in Western Asia; located near the Volga River in Russia |
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| Mongols believed in a supremem god who ruled all the spirits; they called him __________, meaning the great god of heaven |
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| Mongols believed that certain men had power over the spirits; these men were the priests of the traditional Mongol religion, which is called shamanism; they were medicine men and witch doctors who used a special language when performing their magical rituals. |
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| "brilliant" dynasty in China after Mongolian rule |
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| Timur the lame; a Mongolian leader who cam e to power in central Asia |
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| the last Monolian empire in India; brought an era of peace and artistic achievement to India |
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| a wise and generous Mughal ruler over most of India; peaceful people |
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| great architecture built under Akbar |
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| Name the Mongol leader who first united the Mongol tribes. |
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| What was the Japanese term for the "divine wind: that prevented Mongol invasions? |
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| Name the Mongol leader who invaded Russia. |
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| What was the name of the Mongol empire in western Asia? |
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| What Chinese dynasty followed the expulsion of the Mongols from China? |
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| Name the Mongol leader whose empire extended from Turkey to India. |
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| Timur the Lame or Tamerlane |
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| Why were merchants prevented from serving in government in China? |
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| Were considered the lowest members of society for engaging in trade. Confucianism condemned the practice of making a profit. The merchants were mobile and wealthy. These traits were thought to be dangerous so they were not allowed to own property or serve in government. |
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| Why did Japan descent into feudalism? |
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| The decline of the central government caused the people to show their loyalties to the local rulers. |
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| What impact did invention of the compass from lodestone have on China? |
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| During the Song dynasty they learned to use this for finding directions. |
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| Explain the irony of the Chinese discovery of gunpowder in their quest for eternal life. |
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| They wanted to create a substance that would give eternal life and instead they used it to create weapons . |
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| Why was cast iron a great improvement over pure iron? |
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| Why were Japanese warriors trained in history, literature and writing? |
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| They needed to know about history to appreciate the culture they were fighting to protect and how to understand how previous wars were won and lost. They were taught literature to help them appreciate the less tangible aspects of culture and to broaden their understanding of abstract thought. Writing was an essential tool for communication ex written instructions for battle plans or info about troop movement could be the difference between victory and defeat. |
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| How did the rise of the warrior class in Japan affect Japanese culture? |
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| The loyalty of the warriors to their masters led to the endurance of feudalism until the 1870s |
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| How did silk shirts minimize the damage to a Mongol soldier from an arrow strike? |
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| Arrows could not easily penetrate the silk; if shot soldiers would gently pull the shirt to remove the arrow from the wound; protected from the arrow tip by the silk, the would stayed cleaner & usually healed quickly. |
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