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Chapter 4 and 5: The Integumentary System
Skin tissues for Lab Practical on 3/20 and material for ch. 4 and 5
117
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/05/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
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Definition

Adipose Tissue

 

Location: under skin, around kidneys and eyballs, in breasts

 

Functions: reserves food fuel, insulates, supports and protects organs

Term
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Definition

Anaphase

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Term
What are the 6 stages in Mitosis? 
Definition

1. Interphase

2. Early Prophase

3. Late Prophase

4. Metaphase

5. Anaphase

6. telophase and cytokinesis

Term
[image]
Definition

Areolar Connective Tissue

 

Function: Wraps and cushions organs, bacteria=role in inflammation, holds and conveys tissue fluid

 

Location: Under epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes=packages organs, surrounds capillaries

Term
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Definition

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

 

Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles, attaches bones to bones, takes stress well

 

Location: Tendons, Most Ligaments, aponeuroses

Term
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Definition

Elastic Cartilage Tissue

 

Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing flexibility

 

Location: External ear, epiglottis

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Term
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Definition

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

 

Function: Protects underlying from abrasion

 

Locaton: (Nonkeratinized) Esophagus, mouth, and vagina, (Keratinized-dry) epidermis of the skin

Term
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Definition

Fibrocartilage

 

Function: Strong and ability to absorb compressive shock

 

Location: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint

Term
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Definition

Hyaline Cartilage

 

Function: supports and reinforces, cushioning, resists compressive stress

 

Location: covers ends of long bones in joint cavities, forms costal cartilage (ribs), nose trachea, and larynx, most embryonic skeleton

Term
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Definition

Interphase

First Stage

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Term
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Definition

Metaphase

Lining of chromosomes

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Term
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Definition

Telophase

Cells start to pull apart before completely separating

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Term
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Definition

Prophase

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Term
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Definition

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

 

Functions: Secretion (mucus), propulsion of mucus by cilliary action

 

Location: (nonciliated) type in male's sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands, (ciliated) lines trachea, upper respiratory tract

Term
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Definition

Simple Columnar Epithelium

 

Function: Absorption, secreation of mucus, enzymes, and other substances, ciliatd type propels mucus

 

Location:(Nonciliated) lines most digestive track, gallbladder, (ciliated) lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, regions of uterus

Term
Definition

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

 

Function: Secreation and Absorption

 

Location: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

Term
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Definition

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Function: Allows passage of material by diffucsion and filtration (where protction not important); secreates lubrication substances in serosae

Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

Term
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Definition

Transitional Epithelium

 

Function: Stretches readily, permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

 

Location: Lines ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

Term
Dermis
Definition
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Term

What is this?

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Definition

Sectioned Eccrine Gland

(simple coiled tubular gland)

 

Location: soles of feet, forehead, palms

Term

What is this?

[image]

Definition

Sectioned Sebaceous Gland

(or oil glands, sebaceous=greasy)

 

Location: all over body except for soles and palms

 

Term
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma
Definition

most common, slow growing, full cure (surgical excision)

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Term
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Definition

arises from keratinocytes, grow rapidly if not removed, if caught early and removed by radiation or sugically, chances of cure is good.

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Term
What is Melanoma?
Definition

cancer of melanocytes, deadly because highly metastic and resistant to chemo,

can be where ever theres pigment, ABCD(E)

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Term
What is the Rule of Nines?
Definition

measuring fluid loss from burns in percentages (divdes into 11 areas)

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Term
Keratinocytes  
Definition
Produce a tough fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective qualities  
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Responsible for skin pigmentation
Term
Merkel cells
Definition
Sensory receptor for touch  
Term
Langerhans' cells
Definition
Present antigens to killer T lymphocytes
Term
Stratum basale
Definition

Single row of cells composed of keratinocyte stem cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells

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Term
Stratum spinosum
Definition

Several cell layers thick, with intermediate filaments, keratinocytes and Langerhans' cells  

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Term
Stratum granulosum  
Definition

Three to five layers of flattened keratinocytes possessing filaments and keratohyaline and lamellated granules

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Term
Stratum lucidum
Definition

A thin, translucent band consisting of a few rows of flat, dead, keratinocytes  

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Term
Stratum corneum
Definition

Many cell layers of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin (outermost layer of skin)  

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Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition

(Clear Layer)

between corneum and granulosum

is dead keratinocytes

On palms and soles

Term
Epidermis  
Definition

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Term
Hypodermis  
Definition

Adipose connective tissue

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Term
Papillary layer of dermis
Definition

Areolar connective tissue  

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Term
Reticular layer of dermis  
Definition

Dense irregular connective tissue  

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Term
What skin function: Provides a chemical barrier and a mechanical barrier to ward off bacterial invasion and to provide "waterproofing"  
Definition
Protection 
Term
What skin function has: Dilation of blood vessels and secretion of sweat that evaporates from body surface  
Definition
Body temperature regulation 
Term
What skin function has:  Activation of numerous receptors that are part of the nervous system  
Definition
Cutaneous sensation
Term
What skin function has:Synthesis of vitamin D; destruction of cancer-causing chemicals; activation of some steroid hormones  
Definition
Metabolic functions 
Term
What skin function has: Potential to hold about 5% of the body's blood volume in numerous blood vessels  
Definition
Blood reservoir 
Term
What skin pigment has to do with red skin?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
What skin pigment has to do with yellow to orange skin?
Definition
Carotene
Term
What skin pigment has to do with blue colored skin?
Definition
Cyanosis
Term
What skin pigment has to do with skin color that ranges from yellow to reddish to brown to black?
Definition
Melanin  
Term
Root  
Definition
The portion of the hair that is embedded in the skin  
Term
Cuticle  
Definition
Superficial covering of a hair consisting of a single layer of cells that overlap one another  
Term
Shaft
Definition
Region of a hair that projects above the skin surface  
Term
Medulla
Definition
The central core of a hair, consisting of large cells and air spaces  
Term
Cortex  
Definition
The intermediate layer of a hair composed of several layers of flattened cells  
Term
Hair matrix  
Definition
Actively dividing cellular area of the bulb that produces the hair  
Term
Connective tissue root sheath  
Definition
Superficial wall of the hair follicle which is derived from the dermis  
Term
Hair bulb  
Definition
The expanded, deep region of a hair follicle
Term
Root hair plexus  
Definition
A knot of sensory nerve endings wrapped around the base of a hair follicle  
Term
Arrector pili  
Definition
Bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle; responsible for producing goose bumps  
Term
What gland is: Found all over the body except the palms and soles
Definition

Sebaceous glands  

(oil glands)

secrete sebum

Term

 

What gland is: Most abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead

Definition

Eccrine (sudoriferous) glands  

 

sweat

 

Term
What gland is: Axillary, anal, and genital regions  
Definition

Apocrine sudoriferous glands

true sweat+fatty acids= apocrine

+(sometimes bacteria)=odor

Term
What glands: Line the external ear canal  
Definition

Ceruminous glands  

 

(cera=wax)

 

cerumen=earwax (block entry?)

Term
Pectoral region  
Definition

Mammary glands

secrete milk

Term
Oil
Definition
Sebaceous gland  
Term
Sweat  
Definition
Eccrine sudoriferous gland  
Term
Components of sweat plus fatty substances and proteins
Definition
Apocrine sudoriferous gland
Term
Components of earwax
Definition
Ceruminous gland  
Term
 Milk  
Definition
Mammary gland  
Term
Visible, attached part of the nail
Definition
Body  
Term
Epidermis on which the nail rests  
Definition
Nail bed  
Term
Proximal region of the nail, embedded in the skin  
Definition
Root
Term
Distal edge of the nail  
Definition
Free edge
Term
Actively growing part of the nail
Definition
Nail matrix
Term
White, crescent-shaped area under the nail's proximal region
Definition
Lunula 
Term
First-degree burn  
Definition
Damage to only the epidermis that results in redness, swelling, and pain  
Term
Second-degree burn  
Definition
Injury to the epidermis and the superficial region of the dermis resulting in redness, swelling, pain, and blisters  
Term
Third-degree burn  
Definition
The entire thickness of the skin is consumed, resulting in the burned area appearing white, red, or blackened.
Term
Least malignant form of skin cancer in which the stratum basale cells proliferate and invade the dermis and hypodermis, causing tissue destruction  
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma
Term
Arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum with lesions appearing as scaly, irregular, reddened small, rounded elevations that tend to grow rapidly and metastasize if NOT removed  
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma  
Term
The "most dangerous form" of skin cancer because it is highly metastatic; can originate wherever there is pigment, but often arises from existing moles, metastasizing rapidly into surrounding circulatory vessels  
Definition
Melanoma  
Term
Asymmetry  
Definition
The two halves of a spot or a mole do NOT match
Term
Border irregularity
Definition
Pigmented spot possesses notches and indentations
Term
Color  
Definition
Inconsistent pigmentation  
Term
Diameter
Definition
Larger than 6 mm
Term
Elevation
Definition
Rises above the skin surface
Term
Alopecia areata 
Definition

 A rare condition where hair follicles are attacked by the immune system, causing the hair to fall out in patches  

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Term
Impetigo
Definition

Fluid-filled, raised lesions, common around the mouth and nose, that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture; contagious  

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Term
Keloid  
Definition

Large, unsightly mass of scar tissue at the skin surface produced by excessive and prolonged proliferation of connective tissue during the healing of skin wounds  

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Term
Psoriasis
Definition

Chronic inflammatory condition, resulting from an over proliferation of the epidermis, characterized by reddened epidermal papules covered with dry, silvery scales  

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Term
Causes yellowing of skin, especially in palms and soles from accumulation in stratum corneum when consumed in large amounts
Definition

Too much carotene 

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Term
Increased production of melanin due to increased exposure to the sun  
Definition
Tanning 
Term
 Yellowish to pale-green coloring of skin caused by an accumulation of bile pigments in blood  
Definition

Jaundice 

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Term
What causes: Possible heart failure; possible respiratory disorders  
Definition

Cyanosis

 deoxygenated hemoglobin is more prone to the optical bluish discoloration

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Term
 What causes: Fever, hypertension, polycythemia, inflammation, allergy
Definition

Redness or erythema 

hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation.[1]

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Term
Fear, anger, stress, anemia, low blood pressure  
Definition
Pallor or blanching 
Term
Liver disorder  
Definition
Jaundice
Term
Addison's disease; hypofunction of adrenal cortex  
Definition
Bronzing 
Term

Blood clots beneath the skin  

Definition
Black and blue marks or bruises
Term
Secrete a hypotonic filtrate of the blood (99% water with traces of salt, vitamin C, antibodies, metabolic wastes and lactic acid)  
Definition
Eccrine sweat glands 
Term
Contains same secretions as true sweat, plus fatty substances and proteins. When these organic molecules decompose by bacterial action there is an associated unpleasant odor  
Definition
Apocrine sweat glands 
Term
Modified apocrine glands that secrete earwax  
Definition
Ceruminous glands 
Term
Modified sweat glands that secrete milk  
Definition
Mammary glands 
Term
Holocrine glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum to lubricate skin and hair  
Definition
Sebaceous glands 
Term
What has: Maximum production of melanin  
Definition
Black hair
Term
What has: No production of melanin; no iron-containing pigment  
Definition
Blonde hair
Term
What has: Absence of melanin; presence of iron-containing pigment  
Definition
Red hair
Term
 What has: Replacement of melanin with air bubbles in the hair shaft as melanin production decreases
Definition
White hair
Term
What has: Presence of vernix caseosa produced by sebaceous glands  
Definition
Newborn baby
Term
What has:Skin thickening and more subcutaneous fat is deposited  
Definition
Infancy and childhood
Term
Skin and hair become oilier as sebaceous glands are activated; dermatitis becomes more common in...
Definition
Adolescence
Term
Epidermal cell replacement declines; skin thins; sebaceous gland activity diminishes in...
Definition
Old age 
Term
Vellus hair
Definition
Body hair of children and adult females
Term
Terminal hairs
Definition
Coarser, long, darker hairs  
Term
Alopecia 
Definition
Loss of hair  
Term
Male pattern baldness
Definition
Genetically predetermined balding  
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