Term
|
Definition
| the formation of bone from fibrous tissue, continues until maturity, which varies with species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone; also called compact bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone |
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Term
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Definition
| located nearest the midline of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| located farthest away from the midline of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth of the bone; also called the growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis; in adult animals, it is considered part of the epiphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| bones consisting of shaft, two ends, nd a marrow cavity (ex. femur) |
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Term
|
Definition
| cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity (ex. carpal bones) |
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Term
|
Definition
| thin, flat bones (ex. pelvis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| sinus-containing bones (ex. frontal bone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| unpaired bones (ex. vertebrae) |
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Term
|
Definition
| small bones embedded in a tendon (ex. patella) |
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Term
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Definition
| immature bone cells that produce bony tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| phagocytic cells tht eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells by the red bone marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inner space of bone that contains yellow bone marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area in bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone and is useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
| a specific type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| a curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the canine stifle, that cushions forces applied to the joint |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| connections between bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint; typically found in the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth |
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Term
|
Definition
| a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so they function as one bone; also called cartilaginous joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| where the halves of the mandible fuse at a symphysis to form one bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| where the halves of the pelvis fuse at a symphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| an example of diarthroses; further classified as ball-and-socket joints, arthrodial or condyloid joints, trochoid or pivot joints, ginglymus or hinge joints, and gliding joints |
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|
Term
| Ball-and-socket/enarthrosis joints |
|
Definition
| allow a wide range of motion in many directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints |
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Term
| Arthrodial/condyloid joints |
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Definition
| joints with oval projections that fit into a socket, such as the carpal joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| include pulley-shaped joints like the connection between the atlas to the axis |
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Term
|
Definition
| allow motion in one plane or direction, such as canine stifle and elbow joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| move or glide over each other, as in the radioulnar joint or the articulating process b/t successive vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| found in primates; located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb; allows primates to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb |
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Term
|
Definition
| a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction; ex. within the shoulder joint is one where a tendon passes over bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| an inner lining in bursae and synovial joints that secretes synovial fluid which acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| synovial membrane and synovial fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| the framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
| the framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle |
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Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the skull that encloses the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| forms the roof of the cranial cavity or cranial portion of the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located |
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Term
|
Definition
| opening for the spinal cord in the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| an opening in bone through which tissue passes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium |
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Term
|
Definition
| air or fluid filled spaces |
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Term
|
Definition
| projections from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| forms part of the hard palate |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the shape of the skull is short and wide such as in pugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the shape of the skull is long and narrow such as in greyhounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the shape of the skull is average width such as labradors |
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Term
|
Definition
| supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| the individual bones of the vertebral column |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the solid portion ventral to the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| the dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| the left or right dorsal half of the vertebral arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| a single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| projections laterally from the right and left sides of the vertebral arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of the vertebral arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| the opening in the middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes |
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Term
|
Definition
| cartilage discs that separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other |
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Term
|
Definition
| the first vertebra; cervical vertebra one |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| paired bones that attach to thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| breastbone; forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage |
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Term
|
Definition
| the cranial portion of the sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the caudal portion of the sternum |
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|
Term
| Thoracic cavity/ rib cage |
|
Definition
| protects the heart and lungs; the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| a large triangular bone on the side of the thorax; also called the shoulder blade |
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Term
|
Definition
| a slender bone that connects the sternum to the scapula; also called the collarbone |
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Term
|
Definition
| the long bone of the proximal front limb; also called the brachium |
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Term
|
Definition
| the region that contains the radius and ulna which are two bones of the forearm or diantal front limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| the cranial bone of the front limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| the caudal bone of the front limb |
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Term
|
Definition
| irregularly shaped bones in the area known as the wrist in people |
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Term
|
Definition
| the joint known as the wrist in people that contains the carpal bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| bones found distal to the carpus that are identified by numbers from medial to lateral |
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Term
|
Definition
| metacarpals II and IV in horses which do not articulate with the phalanges and are attached by a ligament to the large third metacarpal bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| the large third metacarpal (or metatarsal) in horses |
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Term
|
Definition
| bones of the digit which are numbered from proximal to distal |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| bones analogous to the human finger and vary in number in animals; most have three phalanges, but the most medial phalanx has only two phalanges |
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Term
|
Definition
| Digit I of dogs and may be removed shortly after birth |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| bones of the digit which are numbered from proximal to distal |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| bones analogous to the human finger and vary in number in animals; most have three phalanges, but the most medial phalanx has only two phalanges |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Digit I of dogs that may be removed shortly after birth |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the joint between metacarpal (metatarsal) III and the digit |
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Term
|
Definition
| the joint between P1 and P2 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the joint between P2 and P3 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Phalanx 3 in unhooved animals |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| consists of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis; also called the hip |
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Term
|
Definition
| the largest pair of bones of the pelvis that is blade-shaped |
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Term
|
Definition
| the caudal pair of bones of the pelvis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the ventral pair of bones of the pelvis that are fused on midline by a cartilaginous joint called the pubis symphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| the large socket of the pelvic bone that forms where the three bones meet; forms the ball-and-socket joint with the femur |
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Term
|
Definition
| also called the thigh bone; the proximal long bone of the rear leg |
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Term
|
Definition
| a large sesamoid bone in the rear limb; called the kneecap in people and the joint is known as the knee |
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Term
|
Definition
| the joint that houses the patella |
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Term
|
Definition
| a distal long bone of the rear limb that is the larger and more weight-bearing bone of the two |
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Term
|
Definition
| a distal long bone of the rear limb that is long and slender |
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Term
|
Definition
| irregularly shaped bones found in the area known as the ankle in people |
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Term
|
Definition
| in small animals, the joint known as the ankle in people |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| in large animals, the joint known as the ankle in people |
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Term
|
Definition
| bones found distal to the tarsus; numbered and have similar names as the metacarpals |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for analysis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| injection of a joint wiht contrast material for radiographic examination |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of the joing using a fiberoptic scope |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| study of internal body structure after exposure to ionizing radiation; used to detect fractures and diseases of bones |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of joint mobility caused by disease, injury, or surgery |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory condition of joints |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bursa |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal cartilage softening |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly; most commonly seen in large breed dogs |
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|
Term
| Intervertebral disc disease |
|
Definition
| rupture or protusion of the cushioning disc found between the vertebrae that results in pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor composed of cells derived from hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degenerative joint disease commonly associated with aging or wear and tear on the joints |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| degeneration or necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by regeneration or recalcification |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal softening of bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal hardening of bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| auto-immune disorder of the connective tissues and joints |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vertebrae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any degenerative disorder of the vertebrae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| partial dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the synovial membrane of joints |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| bulging deposit around the area of a bone fracture that may eventually become bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| broken bone in which there is no open wound in the skin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| broken bone that is splintered or crushed into multiple pieces |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cracking sensation that is felt and heard when broken bones move together |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greenstick/Incomplete fracture |
|
Definition
| bone that is broken only on one side and the other side is bent |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| act of holding, suturing, or fastening a bone in a fixed position, usually with a bandage or cast |
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Term
|
Definition
| attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or dislocation |
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Term
|
Definition
| broken bone that has an angular break diagonal to the long axis |
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Term
|
Definition
| broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| broken bone in which the bone is twisted apart or spiraled apart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| broken bone that is broken at right angles to its axis or straight across the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| removal of all or part of a body part |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision or opening into the skull |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of the dorsal arch of a vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a claw |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical puncture of a bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of a bone to the body wall |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical creation of a permanent new opening in bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision or sectioning of bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| one type of movement; walking, running, or otherwise moving from one place to another |
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Term
|
Definition
| encases a group of muscle fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| long, slender cells that make up muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striated, voluntary; attach bones to the body and make motion possible |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| nonstriated, unstriated, involuntary, visceral; produce slow contractions to allow unconscious functioning of internal organs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| striated, involuntary; involuntary contraction of heart muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a narrow band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fibrous sheet that provides attachment to muscular fibers and is a means of origin or insertion of a flat muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combining form of movement |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that work against or opposite each other |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that contract at the same time as another muscle to help movement or support movement |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tightening; the muscle becomes shorter and thicker |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| lessening of tension; the muscle returns to its original shape |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the point at which nerve endings come in contact with the muscle cells |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the place where a muscle begins and is the more fixed attachment or the end of the muscle closest to the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the place where a muscle ends and is the more movable end or portion of the muscle farthest from the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a term used to describe the types of muscle movements |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that moves a part away from the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that moves a part toward the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that straightens a limb or increases the joint angle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that raises or elevates a part |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that lowers or depresses a part |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that turns a body part on its axis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface upward |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles located on the chest |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles located above the pelvic axis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles located between the ribs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles located beneath the spine of the scapula |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles located above the spine of the scapula |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that align with the vertical axis of the body |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that slant outward away from the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that form crosswise to the midline |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that are ring-like and constrict the opening of a passageway |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that generally have two divisions (heads) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that generally have three divisions (heads) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles that generally have four divisions (heads) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of recording the electrical activity of the muscle cells near the recording electrodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the record of the strength of muscle contraction caused by electrical stimulation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| band of fibers that hold structures together in an abnormal fashion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of voluntary control of muscle movement; "wobbliness" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles (fascia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor composed of fully developed connective tissue; also called fibroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition or disease of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of voluntary muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delayed relaxation of a muscle after contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle spasms or twitching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of muscle or part of a muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision into a muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a part of a tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical division of a tendon |
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|
