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| An economic system built on the assumption that the world's supply of wealth is fixed and that nations must export more goods than they import to assure a steady supply of gold and silver into national coffers. [this] thinkers saw the inflow of wealth as the key to maintain and enhancing national power and self-sufficiency. Within this context the accumulation and development of colonies was of great importance a, since colonies could supply scarce raw materials to parent nations and serve as markets for finished goods. |
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| Products grown or extracted from England's North American colonies that could be shipped only to England or other colonies withing the empire. Goods on the first enumeration list included tobacco, indigo, and sugar. Later on furs, molasses, and rice would be added to a growing list of products the the English colonies could not sell directly to foreign nations. |
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| To effect mercantilist goals, King and Parliament legislated a series of Navigation Acts (1651, 1660, 1663, 1673 1696) that established England as the central hub of trade in its emerging empire. Various rules of trade, as embodied in the Navigation Acts, made it clear that England's colonies in the Americas existed first and foremost to serve the parent nation's economic interests, regardless of what might be best for the colonists. |
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| Tolerance of religious diversity was at the core of William Penn's vision for a colony in America. As such the colony of Pennsylvania represented [this] for Penn. He encouraged people of all faiths to live together in harmony and to maintain peaceful relations with Native Americans in the region. The residents of early Pennsylvania never fully embraced Penn's vision, but the colony was open to religious dissenters and became a model for the diversity that later characterized America. |
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| [This] signifies England's relatively benign neglect to its American colonies from about 1690 to 1760. During these years King and Parliament rarely legislated constraints of any kind and allowed the colonists much autonomy in provincial and local matters. In turn, the colonists supported the parent nation's economic and political objectives.This harmonious period came to an end after the Seven Years War when King and Parliament began asserting more control over the American colonists through taxes and trade regulations. |
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| [This system] was similar to that of indentured servitude in providing a way for persons without financial means to et to North America. Normally, the family would locate someone to pay for its passage in return for a set number of years of labor. If no buyer could be found, then ships captains could sell the family's labor, most likely on less desirable terms for the family, to recoup the costs of the passage. Thousands of Germans migrated to America as [this] in the eighteenth century |
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| As the British North American colonies matured during the eighteenth century, many prospering colonist sought to ape the latest fashions and lifestyles of wealthy persons in England and on the European continent. |
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| A broadly influential philosophical and intellectual movement that began in Europe during the eighteenth century. The Enlightenment unleashed a tidal wave of new learning, especially in the sciences and mathematics, that helped promote the notion that human beings, through the use of the reason could solve society's problems. The Enlightenment era, as such, has also been called the Age of Reason. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were leading proponent of [this] in America. |
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| A main tenet of the Enlightenment era, meaning a firm trust in the ability of the human mind to solve earthly problems, thereby lessening the mind to solve earthly problems, thereby lessening the role of -and reliance on-God as an active force in the ordering of human affairs. |
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| Spilling over into the colonies from a wave of revivals in Europe, [this] placed renewed emphasis on vital religious faith, partially in reaction to more secular, rationalist thinking, characterizing the Enlightenment. Beginning as scattered revivals in the 1720s, [this] grew into a fully developed outpouring of rejuvenated faith by the 1740s. Key figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. [This] legacy included more emphasis on personal choice, as opposed to state mandates about worship, in matters of religious faith. |
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| As the Great Awakening spread during the 1730s and 1740s, various religious groups fractured into two camps,. [This] group placed emphasis on a "new birth" conversion experience- gaining God's saving grace. They also demanded minister who had clearly experienced conversions themselves. |
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| As the Great Awakening spread during the 1730s and 1740s, various religious groups fractured into two camps. [This group] were not very enthusiastic about the Awakening, particularly in terms of what they viewed as popular excesses in seeking after God's grace. [This] group emphasized formal schooling in theology as a source of their religious authority, and they emphasized good order in their churches. |
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| A trade agreement growing out of the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) that allowed the English to sell 4800 slaves annually in New Spain. The English regularly cheated and traded much more extensively in the Spanish empire than provided for in the Asiento, which resulted in further warfare between Britain and Spain, beginning in 1739 with the start of the War of Jenkin's Ear |
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