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Chapter 3
(ch.3) Cell: The Living Units
43
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/05/2013

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Term
plasma membrane
Definition
phospholipid bilayer containing proteins. separates ICF and ECF
Term
integral protein
Definition
inserted in bi-layer. function as channels or carriers
Term
peripheral protein
Definition
attached to phospholipids or integral proteins. structural support for cell or are enzymes
Term
glycoproteins
Definition
membrane proteins
Term
glycolipids
Definition
(phospholipids) lipids with attached sugar groups
Term
cholesterol
Definition
helps maintain fluidity and structure of plasma membrane
Term
selective permeability membrane
Definition
a membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting the movement of other substances
Term
concentration gradient
Definition
the difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two areas
Term
Fluis Mosaic Model
Definition
describes structure of plasma membrane
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
All living things are compose of cells and come from other cells
Term
cells
Definition
the smallest living unit of life. exhibit all characteristics of life
Term
passive processes
Definition
No ATP required. (no energy input from cell)
ex: simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Term
simple diffusion
Definition
ex: O2, CO2, fat soluble vitamins.
substance moves through phospholipid bilayer from area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.
*oxygen in used in the body by this process
Term
osmosis
Definition
ex: water
passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. movement of water to solution with higher concentration
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
requires transmembrane integral *protein. from area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration; substance moves DOWN concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached. via a channel or carrier.
Term
leakage channel
Definition
channels that are always open
Term
gated channel
Definition
triggered to open or close by chemical, mechanical, or electrical signals
ex: ions (K+,Cl-,Ca2+,Na+) and water (aquaproteins)
Term
carrier
Definition
transmembrane integral protein, changes shape, and envelopes substance; then releases on other side of membrane
selective- only one or a couple of molecule types are able to bind to protein (ex: glucose, amino acids)
Term
channel
Definition
transmembrane integral protein with pore in center. selective- allowing only one or a couple types of molecules to pass
Term
transmembrane proteins
Definition
extends all the way down plasma membrane
ex: lipid insoluble, too large to pass by simple diffusion
Term
active processes
Definition
ATP is required. vesicular transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. substance passes through a transmembrane carrier protein from area of LOW concentration to HIGH. substance moves AGAINST gradient.
Term
active transport
Definition
requires transmembrane integral protein. ATP used directly to move protein against concentration gradient
ex: Na+ and K+ pump
Term
endocytosis
Definition
active vesicular transport. Process that transports LARGE particles INTO the cell via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
cell eating
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
cell drinking
Term
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Definition
membrane receptor must recognize substance before vesicle forms
Term
vesicle/vacuole
Definition
made of phospholipid bilayer (same as plasma membrane)
Term
exocytosis
Definition
active vesicular transport. Process that transports LARGE molecules OUT of the cell.
ex: insulin is made in cell and must leave cell to do its job
Term
regulating activity and number of carrier or channel proteins
Definition
how can permeability of plasma membrane be altered?
Term
tonicity
Definition
the ability of a solution to change the shape of a cell by altering the internal water volume by moving water out of the cell
Term
hypertonic
Definition
solution with higher solute concentration in ECF than ICF
Term
hypotonic
Definition
solution with lower solute concentration in ECF than ICF
Term
crenation
Definition
cell collapses on itself
Term
isotonic
Definition
equal solute concentration in ECF and ICF
Term
lysis
Definition
more critical than crenation because the cell cannot recover. cell is blown up or pulled apart
Term
higher
Definition
water is going to move where the _______ (higher or lower) solute concentration is?
Term
cellular junctions
Definition
structures that connect cells (plasma membrane) to one another
Term
tight junctions
Definition
bind cells together forming a leakproof sheet. prevent material from passing between adjacent cells
Term
desmosomes
Definition
(anchoring junction) attach cells to each other and to extracellular matrix. found in areas with mechanical stress
(ex: skin, GI tract)
Term
gap junctions
Definition
(communicating junctions) channels connecting adjacent cells. water, simple sugars, ions move between cells
(ex: electrically excitable cells)
Term
to grow (produce new, genetically identical cells)
to replace worn out or damaged cells (tissue repair)
Definition
why must cells divide?
Term
interphase
Definition
90% of the cell cycle is spent in this phase
cells are NOT dividing; chromosomes are NOT visible
Term
cell life cycle
Definition
series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces
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