Term
page 863
Mikhail Gorbachev |
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Definition
USSR premier after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclaimed policies of glasnost and perestroika.
Significance: -eased some Cold War tensions
-proclaimed policies that allowed freedom of speech
-used some Western techniques
Analyze: -reduced nuclear armaments
-instituted glasnost and perestroika (see cards)
-hesitant to fully accept Western ideals |
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Term
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Definition
Policy of openness or political liberation in Soviet Union put forward by Gorbachev in late 1980s.
Significance: -allowed citizens to comment and criticize politics
-increase in government consultation and spread of information
Analyze: -recognition of inefficacious methods of former Soviet leaders |
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Term
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Definition
Policy of Gorbachev calling for economic restructuring in USSR in late 1980s; more leeway for private ownership and decentralized control in industry and agriculture.
Significance: -improved economics for Soviet Union and increased rights of individual business/farm owners
Analyze: -encouraged foreign investment and freedom for private ownership; less state interference in industry and agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
Russian leader who stood up to coup attempt in 1991 that would have displaced Gorbachev; president of Russian republic following dissolution of USSR.
Significance: -proclaimed end of Soviet Union; subsequently took control
-brought parliament under moderate control
-leadership declined in late 1990s
Analyze: -Gorbachev was failing to produce system of unification amongst republics
-strong leadership tactics initially
-deteriorating health and stress of wars and terrorism |
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Term
page 873
First US-Iraq War |
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Definition
1991 War led by US and various European and Middle Eastern allies, against Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. War led to Iraqi withdrawal and long confrontation with Iraq about armaments and political regime.
Significance: -caused Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait; Americans remained stationed in region, drawing criticism from many Arabs and Muslims
Analyze: -Iraqi invasion of oil-rich Kuwait
-worry over civil and international conflicts |
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