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Chapter 3
Cells: The Living Units
12
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2011

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Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. A cell is he basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. 2. The activity of an organism depends on both the individual and the collective activities of its cells. 3. The biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures. 4. Continuity of life from one generation to another has a cellular basis
Term
Fluid Mosaic Model
Definition
depicts the plasma membrane as an exceedingly thin structure composed of a bilayer of lipid molecules with protein molecules dispersed in it
Term
Integral Proteins
Definition
are firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer
Term
Peripheral Proteins
Definition
are not embedded in the lipid; attached loosely
Term
Tight Junctions
Definition
a series of integral protein molecules in the plasma membranes of adjacent cells fuse together, forming an impermeable junction that encircles the cell
Term
Desmosomes
Definition
"binding bodies"; mechanical couplings scattered like rivets along the sides of abutting cells that prevent their separation
Term
Gap Junctions
Definition
is a communicating junction between adjacent cells
Term
Isotonic Solutions
Definition
Cells retain their normal size and shape (same solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out)
Term
Hypertonic Solutions
Definition
Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink (contains a higher concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells)
Term
Hypotonic Solutions
Definition
Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (contains a lower concentration of solute than are present in cells)
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Vesicular transport processes that eject substances from the cell interior into the extracellular fluid
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
cell ingests small patches of the plasma membrane and moves substances from the cell exterior to the cell interior
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