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Chapter 3
Terms
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2010

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Term
Polypeptide
Definition
Several amino acids linked together
Term
RMP
Definition
Is established at the point where the electircal
gradient balances the K+ concentration gradient
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Threadlike strands of DNA, RNA, and proteins that
are arranged in fundamental units called
nucleosomes
Term
GAP
Definition
Are junction proteins that form pores to allow small
molecules to pass from cell to cell
Term
Codon
Definition
Three nucleotide sequence that represents an amino
acid
Term
Vesicular
Definition
Transport of large particles, macromolecules, and
fluids across plasma membranes
Term
Motor
Definition
Complexes that function in cell motility
Term
Adenine
Definition
Complimentary to Thymine
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
Involved in the breakdown of glycogen, lipid and
cholesterol metabolism, and steriod based hormone
synthesis
Term
Clathrin
Definition
Protein coating on vesicles involved in endocytosis
and transcytosis
Term
Tonicity
Definition
Is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or
swell
Term
Transport
Definition
Proteins that hydrolyze ATP to actively pump
substances across a membrane
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
Membranous sac that contain powerful oxidases and
catalases that neutralize free radicals
Term
Ion Gradient
Definition
Energy source involved in secondary active
transport
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
An organelle that contain their own DNA and RNA
Term
Cyclic AMP
Definition
Secondary messenger activated by G-Protein
membrane receptor
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
Division of cytoplasm by cleavage furrow
Term
Actin
Definition
Spherical protein subunits that form microfilaments
Term
Tubulin
Definition
Hollow tubes of spherical protein subunits that form
microtubules
Term
Active
Definition
Transport that moves solutes against a concentration
gradient
Term
Desmosomes
Definition
are "Rivets" that anchor cells together
Term
Promotor
Definition
Region of DNA that RNA polymerase binds to in
transcription
Term
Microville
Definition
Fingerlike extensions of plasma membranes that
increase surface area for absorption
Term
Leading
Definition
Opposite of lagging strand
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
a solution having lesser solute concentration than
that of the cytosol
Term
ATP
Definition
Drives the Na+ K+ pump
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