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Definition
1. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
2. An organism depends on both individual and collective properties of cells
3. 'Principle of complementarity of structure and function': biochemical activities cells dictated by specific subcellular structure.
4. Continuity of life generation to generation has cellular basis |
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| Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gasses (3) |
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Definition
| Fibroblasts, Erythocytes, Epithelial cells |
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| Cells that move organs and body parts (2) |
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| Skeletal Muscle cell, Smooth muscle cells |
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| Cells that store nutrients |
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| Cell that gathers information and control body functions |
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| Integral proteins of membrane and 5 types |
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Definition
Integral proteins are firmly inserted into lipid bilayer
1. Transport
2. Receptors
3. Structural
4. Enzymes
5. Cell: cell recognition (glycocalyx) |
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Term
| Transport protein (what type of membrane protein and function) |
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Definition
Integral protein
-Carriers and pores
-Move stuff through bilayer |
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Term
| Receptor proteins (what type of membrane protein and function) |
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Definition
Integral Protein
-External, signal transduction
-Chemical messenger attaches to receptor and causes a change in shape which initiates a chemical reaction in cell. |
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| Structural (what type of membrane protein and function) |
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Definition
Integral protein
-cell movement, bind cells together, keep shape |
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| Enzymatic proteins (what type of membrane protein and function) |
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Definition
Integral Protein
-enzyme built into membrane
-catalyzes metabolic pathway |
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| Cell-cell recognition proteins (what type of membrane protein and function) |
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Definition
Integral protein
-recognize other cells
-(glycoproteins)have idetification tags recognized by other cells |
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| Peripheral Proteins and function |
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Definition
on membrane of cell attached loosely to integral proteins
-easily removed
-Enzymes, motor proteins (cell shape), cell to cell lings, provide support on intracellular surface |
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Term
| 3 factors that act to bind cells together |
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Definition
1. Glycoproteins in glycocalyx act as an adhesive
2. Wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells fit together in a tongue and groove fashion
3. Special membrane junctions are formed |
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Term
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Definition
A series of integral protein molecules in plasma membranes of adjacent cells fuse together that make an impermeable junction (no molecules can pass through intercellular space)
:in digestive tract |
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Definition
Anchoring junctions: a mechanical coupling scattered like rivets along the sides of abutting cells that prevent their seperation
-Plaque (buttonlike thikening) are connected by linker protein filaments
-Reduce tension (in skin and heart) |
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Definition
Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next for intercellular communication
-Transmembrane proteins form pores to allow molecules to pass
-in electrically excitable tissues (heart and smooth muscle) |
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Term
| Two types of channels in facilitated diffusion |
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Definition
1. leakage channels, always open
2. Gated channels, need a signal to open |
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| Name of water channels in plasma membrane |
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Definition
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| The ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by altering their internal water volume |
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Definition
| the tendency of water to move into the cell by osmosis |
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Definition
| The back pressure exerted by water against the membrane |
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| A solution with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol |
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Definition
| A solution having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol. |
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Definition
| A solution having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol. |
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Term
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Definition
ATP-ADP gives energy for it.
-Calcium and hdrogen pumps
-Sodium-potassium pump (enzyme is Na+-K+ ATPase)
-Sodium outside, Potassium inside, they switch over in transport |
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Term
| Secondary active transport |
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Definition
-Contransport (moves more than one substance at a time
-Symport system: 2 substances same direction
-Example: Na+ moves with glucose into the cell, Na+ can then be used for Primary AT
- Antiport system: 2 substances opposite directions |
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Term
| Vesicular Transport (3 types) |
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Definition
Transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across plasma membranes
-Requires cellular energy (ATP)
-Exocytosis transport out of cell
-Endocytosis transport into cell
-Transcytosis transport into, across, and then out of cell
(Protein coated vesicle goes in, loses protein coat to out of cell, combines with a sorting vesicle, membrane parts go out of cell in transport vesicle, then eaten by lysosome or contents go out the other side of the cell |
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Definition
| Pseudopods engulf solids and bring them into cell's interior, it combines with a lysosome and then is digested. the extra parts leave the cell by Exocytosis |
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| Plasma membrane infolds, bringing extracellular fluid and solutes into interior of the cell |
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1. Membrane bound vesicle moves to Plasma membrane
2. Vesicle and P.M. fuse and a pore pops oben
3. v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs (proteins) bind
4. Vesicle contents are released
Examples: Hormone and mucus secretion, neurotransmitter release, ejection of wastes |
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| Resting Membrane Potential |
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Definition
Voltage measured in resting state of cells -50 to -100mV
-K is leaked making cell neg, but it comes back in because it is attracted to the neg |
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Definition
Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane
-increase surface area for absorption and makes it easier
-core made of actin filaments for stiffening |
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| Extracellular Materials (3) |
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Definition
1. Body fluids (interstitial fluid, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid)
2. Cellular secretions (intestinal and gastric fluids, saliva, mucus, serous fluids)
3. Extracellular matrix (abundant jellylike mesh containing proteins and polysaccharides in contact with cells) |
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