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Chapter 3
The Cell
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2008

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Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
1. Double stranded
2. Deoxyribose
3. Bases- C, G, A, T
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribonucleic Acid
1. Single Stranded
2. Ribose
3. Bases- G, C, A, U
4. Shorter
Term
3 Main Cell Parts
Definition
1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins. Separates cell from environment.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Intracellular fluid- has organelles
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Controls cellular activities; contains DNA; has a nuclear envelope with pores that allow protein and NA through as well as communication wiht the rest of the cell.
Term
Polar Head
Definition
Heads face toward water (outside or inside of cell); hydrophylic.
Term
Non-polar Tail
Definition
Tails face toward each other; hydrophobic.
Term
Integral Proteins (IP)
Definition
Inserted within the membrane; most are transmembrane proteins.
Term
Peripheral Proteins (PP)
Definition
Not imbedded within the membrane; attached to integral proteins or to lipids.
Term
Function of Membrane Proteins
Definition
1. Transport (IP)
2. Enzymatic activity (PP)
3. Receptors for signal transduction
4. Intercellular functional complexes
5. Cell-cell recognition
6. Attachment to sytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
High concentration of solutes
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Low concentration of solutes
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Equal concentration of solutes
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Fusing of vesicle in cytoplasm with cell membrane.
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Cell eating; taking up particles.
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
Cell drinking; brings external fluid droplet of solutes; takes place in most cells; kidneys and intestine.
Term
ER
Definition
1.Rough- studded with ribosomes; protin synthesis
2. Smooth- no ribosomes; synthesizes lipids, carbs, detoxes
Term
Golgi Body
Definition
Modifies proteins and lipids make in the ER (adding or removing sugars, dadding phosphate groups)
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Contains hydrolytic enzymes- digests worn cell components, degrades organelles and non-useful tissues
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Makes ATP for the cell- more in skeletal and cardiac tissues.
Term
Peroxisome
Definition
Helps detoxify substances like alcohol and formaldehyde
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Involved in movement or structural support.
Term
Cilia
Definition
Short- many per cell.
Term
Flagella
Definition
1-2 per cell, long.
Term
Microville
Definition
Increase surface area.
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