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Chapter 30 and notes
Chapter 30 and notes from class
51
History
Not Applicable
04/04/2004

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Term
soviet
Definition
Council of workers formed to seize city government in Petrograd in 1917; basis for early political organization of Russian Revolution
Term
Kerensky, Alexander
Definition
Liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; sought development of parliamentary rule, religious freedom
Term
Russian Communist party
Definition
Bolshevik wing of the Social Democratic party in Russia in 1917; came to power under Lenin after the November expulsion of Kerensky's liberal government
Term
Council of People's Commissars
Definition
Government council composed of representatives from soviets across Russia and headed by Lenin; form of government initially established after November 1917
Term
Social Revolutionary party
Definition
Winners of the parliamentary majority of the first Russian election held following the November 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power; emphasized peasant support and rural reform; expelled in favor of Bolsheviks
Term
Congress of Soviets
Definition
Lenin's parliamentary institution based on the soviets and Bolshevik domination; replaced the initial parliament dominated by the Social Revolutionary party
Term
Red Army
Definition
Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background
Term
New Economic Policy
Definition
Initiated by Lenin in 1921; state continued to set basic economic policies, but efforts were now combined with individual initiative; policy allowed food production to recover
Term
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Definition
Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991
Term
Supreme Soviet
Definition
Parliament of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; elected by universal suffrage; actually controlled by Communist party; served to ratify party decisions
Term
Stalin, Joseph
Definition
Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR; strongly nationalist view of Communism; represented anti-Western strain of Russian tradition; crushed opposition to his rule; established series of five-year plans to replace New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivization; led USSR through World War II; furthered cold war with Western Europe and the United States; died in 1953
Term
Comintern
Definition
International office of communism under USSR dominance established to encourage the formation of Communist parties in Europe and elsewhere
Term
kulaks
Definition
Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land.
Term
collectivization
Definition
Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other Communist regimes.
Term
five-year plans
Definition
Stalin's plans to hasten industrialization of USSR; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products
Term
Politburo
Definition
Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members
Term
Ribbentrop-Molotov pact
Definition
Agreement between Hitler and Russia in 1939 before WWII, lasted two yrs
Term
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)/Warsaw Pact
Definition
Alliance b/n U.S. and west Europe/European pact as a common economic org
Term
Berlin Wall
Definition
Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin; immigration was in response to lack of consumer goods and close Soviet control of economy and politics. Wall was torn down at end of Cold War in 1991
Term
Dubcek
Definition
Leader of Czech uprising, fought against Nazis in illegal communist movement, refused Soviet communism
Term
Solidarity
Definition
Polish labor movement formed in 1970s under Lech Walesa; challenged USSR-dominated government of Poland
Term
Socialist realism
Definition
Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of Western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism
Term
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr
Definition
Russian author critical of the Soviet regime; published trilogy on the Siberian prison camps, The Gulag Archipelago
Term
Mandelstam
Definition
Author who attacked soviet control, disguised as English teacher
Term
Khrushchev, Nikita
Definition
Stalin's successor as head of USSR; attacked Stalinism in 1956 for concentration of power and arbitrary dictatorship; failure of Siberian development program and antagonism of Stalinists led to downfall
Term
Sputnik
Definition
First unmanned spacecraft in 1957; sent up during Khrushchev's government; initiated space race with the United States, Yuir Gagarin first manned flight
Term
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Definition
USSR ruler after 1985; renewed attacks on Stalinism; urged reduction in nuclear armament; proclaimed policies of glasnost and perestroika
Term
glasnost
Definition
Policy of political liberation in Soviet Union in the late 1980s
Term
perestroika
Definition
Policy of Mikhail Gorbachev calling for economic restructuring in the USSR in the late 1980s; more leeway for private ownership and decentralized control in industry and agriculture
Term
Yeltsin, Boris
Definition
Began to move up the ladder of the Communist party in Soviet Union in 1968, becoming First Secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee in 1985; initially a loyal backer of Gorbachev but increasingly criticized him for unduly slow pace of reform; stood up to a coup attempt in 1991 but then managed to displace Gorbachev; in his position as president of the Russian Republic, sponsored several subsequent constitutional provisions and weathered battles with opponents in Parliament
Term
Tanenburg
Definition
Germany gets a message that the russians are attacking, so they send some of their forces taht are attacking France over to russia, but by the time they got there the germans that were already there had fended the russians off. This was a big mistake for Germany because it allowed France to organize a counter-attack.
Term
All Quiet On The Western Front
Definition
started on 11:00 on the 11th day of the 11th month.
Term
Breast-Litvovsk
Definition
Peace treaty between russia and germany because russia was going through a revolution
Term
the Big 4 at the Treaty of V.
Definition
Votlorio of italy
Clemencezu of France
Lord-George of Britain
Woodrow Wilson of US
Term
League of Nations
Definition
the only one of 14 points that is inacted, and even then the us didn't join
Term
What does france get out of the war?
Definition
the best coal and iron deposits:
Saar river valley and the Rhineland
Term
Mustafa Kumal
Definition
young turk who defends against greeks
Term
Duma
Definition
National leg. in Russia.
SR- social revolutionaries
SD- Socialist Democrats (MARXIST)
Term
Alexandra
Definition
Nicholas II's wife....get's info from Resputin...some cult thing goin on?
Term
Bread Riots
Definition
it's over for Nicholas. On march 12 the riots get really bad and get to his palace and he gets overthrown and stuff and gives the throne to his son who gives it up in 1 1/2 hr
Term
Georgi Lvou
Definition
the president of the provisional govt that replaces Nicholas II
Term
Paul Miliukov
Definition
Minister of Foreign affairs in the new provisional govt
Term
Alexander Coreuski
Definition
Minister of justice in the provisional govt
Term
Lenin
Definition
dude...germany sends this guy BACK into russia. damn....ok so he gets out of the war and so that's cool, but then he gives all power to the soviets and they aren't ready for that
Term
Bernard Berook
Definition
banker who woodrow puts in charge of gettin everything ready for war. he does it for 1 dolla' and he gets all the businesses makin stuff and it's great
Term
Faisal I
Definition
westerner goes along with british most of the time.
Term
Zionists
Definition
wnat a jewish homeland
Term
David Balfoy
Definition
Balfoy declaration
-said that britain would give the jews their homeland and arabs wouldn't be disturbded.
Term
APOC
Definition
anglo persian oil co. duh
Term
Rezakahn
and
Muhammad Reza Palevi
Definition
eventually becomes Rezashah and modernizes persia. he makes a straight r.r. and spends lots of money...takes control of the oil co. and then starts sayin that hitler is cool....umm...not cool dude...so the brits kick him out and replace him with Muhammad Reza Palevi
Term
Amritsar Massacre
Definition
Scared people in india that saw that lots of people died from influenza went to the brits and the goverors house and started protesting and GENERAL DYER kills them all with his army.
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