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| written plan for government |
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| divided into two parts or houses. |
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a group of individual state governments that band together for a common purpose.
(League of Friendship) (One house legislature, 1vote/state |
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| constitutional convention |
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| Sherman's plan (Rep. Based on pop.) |
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| delegates agreed that every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons. |
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| a group of people who would be named by each state legislature to select the President and vice President, |
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| supporters of the document |
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| a form of gov. in which power is divided between federal, or national, gov. and the states |
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| those who opposed the constitution |
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| an introduction that states the goals and purposes of the gov. |
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| law-enforcing branch of gov. headed by a President and Vice President. |
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| is the part of gov. that interprets the laws and sees that they are fairly applied |
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| any change in the Constitution |
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| the idea that the power of gov. lies with the people |
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| the gov. is limited by this. Means that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern. |
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| division of authority (legislative, executive, judicial) |
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| in order to prevent any one of the branches from becoming too powerful, we added this. |
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| the powers specifically granted to the national gov. called enumerated powers or this. |
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| powers that constitution doesn't give to national gov. are kept by the states. They include regulating trade within state borders, establishing schools, and making rules for marriage and divorce |
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| powers that both levels of gov. can exercise (e.g. collect taxes, borrow money, setup courts and prisons.) |
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| What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 1STR, 4WEAK |
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STR:
Northwest Land Ordinance of 1785 - Rules for carving out land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Weaknesses:
1) In order to create laws, 9 of 13 states had to approve 2) to amend the articles, all 13 states to approve 3) laws could not be enforced in states 4) could not levy taxes on the states (US borrowed a lot of money for American Revolution, put them in debt for years) |
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| Northwest Land Ordinance of 1785 (5) |
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| Rules for carving out land west of the Appalachian Mountains. 1) Explained how it would be governed and how areas would turn into states 2) divided into eve settlements. 3) Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin Created 4) Opened way for settlement out west in a stable + orderly manner. |
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| 1) States were in debt, so heavy taxes on citizens 2) Daniel Shays, farmer, in debt, Massachusetts, Gov threatened to take land 3) Shays Armed 1200 farmers and tried to attack federal arsenal 4) Rebellion failed, but event forced a lot of people to rethink their gov. |
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| Who was the leader of the Philadelphia convention? |
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| Goals of the Philadelphia Convention (2) |
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| revise the Articles of Confederation. This changed when they realized that changing the Articles wouldn't be enough. New goal: create a new form of gov. for the U.S., which is why this meeting is known as Constitutional Convention. |
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| Difference between the NJ and Virginia Plan: |
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NJ: One-house congress, equal rep., equal power, equal votes, similar to Articles of Confederation, Congress sets taxes + regulate trades (William Paterson)
Virginia:
President, courts + 2 house legislature based on pop. of each state (James Madison) |
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| Creator: Roger Sherman, Congress: Two houses, Senate + House of Rep.: Equal rep. in Senate, House is based on pop. |
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| The Three-Fifths Compromise |
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| Creator: James Wilson, Solution to the debate whether to count enslaved people in the pop. Every 5 slaves count as 3 free men. |
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| It was very important to the states to protect ___________ |
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| Powers of the Confederation Congress: (4) |
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1) Declare war + negotiate treaties
2) Regulate the military
3) Indian Affairs
4) Coin Money
****NO POWER TO TAX OR ENFORCE LAWS BECAUSE STATES FEARED TYRANNY |
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1)South would allow Congress regulate trade + congress could not tax exports and not interfere with slave trade until 1808
2) Electoral College Choose president etc. |
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| 1) Supporters of Constitution. 2) Believed that Constitution created federalism 3) Famous Federalists: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. 4) Series of essays to support Constitution known as The Federalist Papers |
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| 1) opposed constitution 2) Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry. 3) Constitution didn't protect individual rights. |
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| Launching the New Nation (3) |
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| 1) Both sides Bill of Rights (agreed) 2) James Madison wrote Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments) 3) 13 independent states are now one nation. USA |
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| Constitutional convention |
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| The new goal was to create a new form of government for the United States, which is why this meeting became known as the _________ |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| allows Congress to exercise powers not specifically listed in the Constitution. This was put into the Constitution to allow Congress to deal with things that are not explained in the Constitution. |
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| expressed powers (DEF + list 3 e.g.) |
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-national gov.'s power (aka enumerated powers)
-coin money
-maintain army+navy
-declare war
-regulate trade between states + w/ foreign nations
-carry out all expressed powers |
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| reserved powers (DEF + 3 e.g.) |
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-States powers
-Regulate trade w/in a state
-Protect public welfare + safety
-conduct elections
-establish local gov.
-establish schools
-rules for marriage + divorce |
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| concurrent powers (DEF + 3e.g.) |
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Definition
-both gov.
- establish courts +prisons
-enforce laws
-collect taxes
-borrow money
-provide for general welfare |
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| Article VI - Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Prevents conflict between states + national gov. |
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| Legislative Branch consists of 2 houseds, senate + house of reps. Houses have lawmkaing authority. Article desc. how members of ea. house will be chosen as well as the rules they must follow while in office. |
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| Executive branch - Executive branch is the law enforcing branch headed by P + VP. This article explains how they're elected + how removed. Lists president's powers like commanding armed forces + making treaties w/ other countries. |
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| This branch of gov. interprets laws and sees that they are fairly applied. Powers of fed. court and what kinds of cases they hear. |
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| explains the relationship between the states and the national gov. |
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| explains under what conditions the constitution can be changed. |
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| the constitution is the "supreme law of the land" |
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| The constitution would take effect when 9 of 13 states approved. |
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| oldest delegate at Philadelphia Convention. |
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| not @ Philadelphia convention. was on foreign mission |
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| not @ Philadelphia convention. was on foreign mission |
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| , delegate from virginia, Father of the Constitution, Father of the Bill of Rights, believed that we needed checks and balances |
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| farmer who had fallen into debt because of heavy state taxes, led the shays's rebellion. |
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| creator of great compromise one of the delegates |
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| new jersey plan, one of the delegates |
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| Three parts of the Constitution |
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| The Preamble, The Articles, and the Amendments |
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| 3 branches of the national gov. |
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| Executive, Legislative, Judicial. |
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| 5 Principles of the American Gov. |
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| Popular Sovereignty, rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism. |
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| Two steps to amending the constitution |
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| proposal and ratification |
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| Proposal for amending the constitution (two ways) |
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Congressional Action - a vote of 2/3 of members of both houses. This is how all amendments have been proposed so far.
National Convention - Requested by 2/3 of state legislatures. |
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| Ratification for amending constitution |
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| is either voted on individually by state legislatures or by Special Convention |
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| Who was not at the Constitutional Convention? (2) |
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| John Adams and Thomas Jefferson cuz' they were on foreign assignments |
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| Major players @ constitutional convention (3) |
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| George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin. |
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