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Definition
| material between plasma membrane and the nucleus |
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| largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes |
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| specialized cellular compartments including mitochondria, ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, and Lysosomes... largely considered the metabolic machinery of the cell |
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| membrane consisting of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that encloses cell contents |
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| control center of a cell, contains genetic material |
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| Not embedded in the lipid bilayer |
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| proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer |
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| non membranous granules that contain protein and rRNA, protein synthesis can not take place with out these |
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Definition
tubules in a looping network that catalyzes reactions
site of lipid and steroid (cholesterol) synthesis
contains no ribosomes |
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Definition
external surface studded with ribosomes that manufactures all secreted proteins
bind proteins in vesicles for transport to other sites |
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| stacked and flattened membranous sacs that modifies, concentrates, and packaging of proteins |
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| Spherical membranous bags that contain digestive enzymes; they digest nonfunctional ogranelles, bacteria, viruses, and toxins |
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| powerhouse of the cell, create energy, produces energy for our body, double membrane structure with shelf like cristae |
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| membraous sacs that detoxify harmful or toxic substances |
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| whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells; respiratory tract and female uterine tract |
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| tail like substance only found on sperm cells |
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dynamic strands of protein actin that brace and strengthen the cell surface
appear as twisted brands of spheres |
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Definition
| tubulins come in pairs to form dynamic hollow tubes made of spherical tubulin; determine the overall shape and distribution of organelles |
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| permeable double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm; regulates transport in and out of the nucleus |
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| opening in the nucleur envelope that regulates entry and exit of large particles |
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| fundamental units of Chromatin |
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Definition
| threadlike strands of DNA and histones found in the nucleus |
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| Transport that requires ATP |
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Definition
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Definition
| molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Definition
| movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in order to equalize the solute concentration on both sides |
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| substance binds to protein carriers or is in a water filled protein channel that transport it across the membrane |
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| movement from low to high concentration by means of ATP |
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| solution concentration is the same as as the cell; cell retains shape and do not lose or gain water |
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Definition
| solution have a higher concentration of solutes; cell lose water and shrink |
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| solution contain a lower concentration of solutes than the cell; cell grow as water rushes into them |
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| the cell ingests small patches of the plasma membrane and move them from the exterior to the interior |
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| eject substances from the cell interior to the cell exterior |
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| form of endocytosis where the cell surrounds a small volume of extracellular fluid containing dissolved molecules |
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Definition
| form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs a large or solid material |
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Term
| Simple squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| single layer of flattened pancake like cell layer |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| single layer of cube like cells |
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| Simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| single layer of tall column like cells |
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| Pseudostratified epithelium |
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Definition
| single layer of cells that vary in height, with the tallest reaching the free surface, usually columnar |
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| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Definition
| many layers of flattened pancake like cells |
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| stratified cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| many layers of cube like cells |
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| stratified columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| many layers of tall column like cells |
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Definition
| many layers of cells that vary in height |
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| secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities |
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| secrete their products into the blood |
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| ducts have no branches off branches |
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Definition
| ducts have branches that have branches |
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Definition
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| cells form sac like ducts |
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Definition
| protein coated membranous sac that encloses substances to be removed from the cell |
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| groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function |
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Definition
| Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial, and Connective |
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Term
| Characteristics of Epithelium |
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Definition
Polar (Apical free surface and Basal attached surface)
Specialized Contacts (close fitting sheets)
Supported by Connective tissue
Avascular(no blood vessels)Innervated(has nerve endings)
Regeneration (repairs itself)
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Term
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Definition
derive from mesenchyme
Varied degrees of Vascularity (none, some, and rich)
mainly extracellular matrix |
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Term
| Adipose Connective Tissue |
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Definition
Located under skin in the hypodermis
around kidneys, eyeballs, in abdomen, in breasts
provides reserve food fuel and insulates
supports and protects organs
nucleus is pushed to the side by large xxxxx droplets
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Term
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Definition
Located under epithelia
packages organs and surrounds capillaries
wraps and cushions organs
plays important role in inflammation
gel like matrix with all 3 fiber types
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Term
| reticular connective tissue |
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Definition
Located in Lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen
supports other cell types: white blood, mast, and macrophages
is a network of fibers in a loose ground substance |
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Term
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Definition
located in tendons and most ligaments
attaches muscles to bones or to muscles
withstands great stretching points
primarily parallel collagen fibers
mainly fibroblasts |
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Term
| Elastic connective tissue |
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Definition
located in walls of large arteries and broncial tubes and ligaments in vertebral column
allows recoil of tissue following stretching
maintains flow of blood and oxygen after inspiration
dense regular connective tissue containing high amounts of elastic fibers
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Term
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Definition
with stands tension and compression
lacks nerve fibers and is avascular
formed from chondroblasts |
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Definition
support and protect
provides levers for muscles to act on
stores calcium and other minerals
blood cells form within them
hard, calcified matrix containing high amounts of collagen
very vascular |
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Definition
contained within blood vessels
transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances
red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma) |
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Definition
attaches to bones
help with voluntary movement, locomotion, facial expression, and voluntary control
long cylindrical, multinucleur cells with striations |
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Term
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Definition
located in the walls of the heart
propels blood into circulation
involuntary
branching, striated, single nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
Found mostly in the walls of hollow organs
propels substances or objects (food, urine, baby) along internal passageways
involuntary
spindle shaped cells with a central nucleus
no striations |
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Term
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Definition
| highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons that can scramble the structure of biological molecules |
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Term
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Definition
period from cell formation to cell division
growth phase |
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Term
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Definition
PMAT
Prophase
metaphase
Anaphase
Telphase |
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Term
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Definition
second phase of mitosis
chromosomes cluster at the middle of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
first phase of mitosis
starting to separate from one into separate chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
third phase of mitosis
chromosomes are in v shape
centromeres lead the way and the arms dangle behind |
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Definition
final phase of mitosis
two separate cells are now forming |
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Term
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Definition
| long nucleotide strands resembling half DNA molecules |
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