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| (1929–1968) American civil rights leader; he was a celebrated and charismatic advocate of civil rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. He was assassinated in 1968. |
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| a rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American culture in the 1960s |
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| an independent labor union founded in Soviet-controlled Poland in 1980 |
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| (1931–) Russian politician; he was the last president of the Soviet Union before the country’s collapse in 1991. |
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| "openness"; refers to a new era of media freedom in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s |
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| "restructuring"; restructuring of the corrupt government bureaucracy in the Soviet Union begun by Mikhail Gorbachev |
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| (1989) a quick, peaceful revolution that swept the Communists from power in Czechoslovakia |
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| (1931–) Russian politician and president of Russia in the 1990s; he was the first popularly elected leader of the country. |
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| the elimination of an ethnic group from society through killing or forced migration |
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| an electronic system that allows the linking of millions of individual computers around the world |
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| (1937–2006) President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003; he established a brutal dictatorship, suppressed all dissent, and led Iraq into wars with Iran (1980–1990) and Kuwait (1991). He was removed from power in 2003 by U. S.-led forces. |
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| (1990–1991) war in which U.S.-led forces liberated Kuwait from Iraq |
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| "the base"; Islamist terrorist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks |
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| (1957–) Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks. |
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| Islamist group that took control over much of Afghanistan in the late 1990s; were ousted by the United States invasion of 2001 |
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| a law that helped millions of American veterans attend college—a choice that used to be available mainly to the wealthy. |
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| the rapid and effective secularization of society, the separation of Quebec from the rest of Canada. |
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| centrally planned economy |
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