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Chapter 29
From Isolation to Global War
27
History
11th Grade
03/23/2008

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Term
isolation
Definition
Postwar mood of detached indifference to global affairs and official neutrality towards foreign relationships.
Term
internationalism
Definition
the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good, sometimes as contrasted with nationalism, or devotion to the interests of a particular nation.
Term
Johnson Debt Default Act
Definition
prohibited even private loans to any government that had default on its debts to America.
Term
"Good Neighbor Policy"
Definition
Proclaimed by FDR in his first inuagural address in 1933, it sought to improve diplomatic relations between the United States and its Latin American neighbors.
Term
National Socialist Party
Definition
Since the rise of German Nazism, which called itself "National Socialism", the term has been used in Europe and North America almost exclusively by political parties with racial nationalist views.
Term
Trade Agreements Act
Definition
1934 Act that authorized the President to lower tariff rates as much as 50% of countries that made similar concessions on American products; agreements were made with 14 countries by the end of 1935, reaching a total of 29 by 1945.
Term
Anti-Comintern Pact
Definition
Japan, germany, and Italy. directed at the communist threat. Thus establishing Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis.
Term
Neutrality Act 1935
Definition
FDR. stated no sales of ammo to all warring nations when the president proclaimed a state of war existed.
Term
Neutrality Act 1937
Definition
a prohibition of exporting arms to belligerent nations
a ban on loans to belligerents, except short-term credits
Americans were prohibited from travelling on belligerent vessels
American ships were forbidden from carrying arms to belligerents
Term
quarantine speech
Definition
1937 - In this speech Franklin D. Roosevelt compared Fascist agression to a contagious disease, saying democracies must unite to quarantine agressor nations.
Term
Panay Incident
Definition
1937 - On the Yantze River in China, Japanese aircraft sank an American gunboat escorting tankers. The U.S. accepted Japan's appologies.
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition
September, 1939 - Germany used series of "lightning campaigns" to conquer Poland. The invasion caused Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany.
Term
Lend-Lease Act
Definition
Act of 1941 who allowed US to lend or lease arms and other supplies to the allies, signifying icreased involvment in WWII
Term
Tripartite Act
Definition
Pact between Japan, Italy, and germany Sept 27, 1940, each pledged to attack any nation who attacked any of them.
Term
Thomas E. Dewey
Definition
NY district attorney who had won fame as a racket buster; at 38 seemed yound and unseasoned.
Term
Lansing- Ishii Agreement
Definition
Lessened the tension in the feuds between the U.S. and Japan by recognizing Japan's sphere of influence in China in exchange for Japan's continued recognition of the Open Door policy in China.
Term
Benito Mussolini
Definition
Dictator who seized power in Italy 1922 and organized the fascist movement, a hybrid of nationalism and socialism, entered WWII in 1940 as Germany's ally.
Term
Nye Committee
Definition
Gerald Nye of North Dakota believed that the U.S. should stay out of foreign wars.
Term
Wendell Wilkie
Definition
Dark-Horse Rep who ran against FDR in 1941. Produced FDR's narrowest victory.
Term
William E. Borah
Definition
Isolationist Senator. believed WWII is "nothing more than another chapter in the bloody volume of European power politics." Nazi victory is no threat to national security.
Term
Winston Churchill
Definition
Fiesty British Prime Miniser who defied the German invasion of Great Britain in WWII
Term
Henry L. Stimson
Definition
SOS to Hoover. Stimson Doctrine: US refused to recognize any treaty that violated American treaty rights. SOW to FDR
Term
Cordell Hull
Definition
SOS under FDR whose grand scheme of reciprocal trade agreements was the chief exception to the administrations isolationism.
Term
Ludlow Amendment
Definition
proposed constitutional amendment that would have required a public referendum of declaration of war except in case of attack on American Territory; measure was in 1939 under severe pressure from the White House.
Term
"moral embargo"
Definition
FDR asked congress to extend neutrality laws to cover civil wars. 1937. COngress did so with one dissenting vote.
Term
Neutrality Act 1939
Definition
BR and FR could send their own freighters to the US, buy supplies with cash, and take what they wanted. US ships were excluded from ports of warring nations.
Term
America First Committee
Definition
Largely Midwestern isolationist organization supported by many prominent citizens. 1940-1
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