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| Leader of the german govt, ended the policy of passive resistance, ommited Germany to carrying out the treaty of versailles, stabilized economy |
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| Restructured Germany's debt w/ US loans to Germany to pay back Britain/France who paid back US, lead to German economic recovery |
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| Peace, or hopeful peace as France and Germany 'ban war forever', reinforced by Germany's entry into the league of nations and the renouncement of war as a national policy |
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| 63 nations pledge to renounce war as an instrument of national policy, yet had no reinforcement to the pact |
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| ideology/movement that exalts the nation above the individual and calls for a centralized government with a dictatorial leader, economic, and social regimentation, suppression of opposition |
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| Led the conservatives of Britain as prime minister, brought renewed prosperity, yet fake prosperity. unemployment and compensation for war were unsatisfactory |
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| Leader of France, sought to use reparations to rebuild France, conservative who was forced to raise taxes to pay for Ruhr fiasco, voted out of power |
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| Formed by the coalition of socialists and radicals, established the French New Deal, failed to solve economic problems. Leon Blum is prime minister |
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| est. by the popular front, institued the right of collective bargaining, a 40 hr work week, 2 week paid vacations, and minimum wage - did not fix economy |
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| Dictatorship controlled every aspect of society, made possibly by technology, censorship & terror, subduordination of every individual to the state, masses must be actively involved in the goals of the regime |
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| Became well-known italian socialist, laid foundation for facism, use of violence + politics to gain control, march of rome used to seize power, totalarian state, but no police repression. Use of propaganda. |
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| Bands of armed facists used to create disorder by attacking socialist officers and newspapers |
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| Led to mussolini taking power, demanded resignation of existing govt and his own appointment by the king |
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| Est. after WW1, had no outstanding leaders, suffered from attempted uprising, many economic difficulties |
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| President of weimar republic, traditional military monarchist, suffered from attacks and uprisings |
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| hitler fails to take over state of Bovaria, sentenced to jail here he wrote mein kampf. Realized he could not use force to take power |
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| Formerly the Germans' workers party, taken over by Hitler, became strongest party, attempted to overthrow govt w/ beer hall Putsch |
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| Germans should expand east, liquidate the jews, and turn the slavs into slave labour. Idea that a nations power depends on the ammount of land it occupies |
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| Passed by the reichstag, gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for 4 years in order to fix the economy, only nazi party was legal. |
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| Hitler realizes the army/big business were suspicious of SA, SS arrests and shoots about 1,000 SA leaders/political enemies |
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| Kristallnacht/Night of Shattered Glass |
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| assassination of a german ambassador by young polish jew becomes justification for nazi rampage against jews. Jews imprisoned, restricted, and encouraged to emigrate. |
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| Hitler's elite/personal guard, grew dramatically in influence as hitler's private army/secret police, joined with gestapo to expand its special courts and concentration camps |
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| Communism w/ some capitalism, allowed small manufacturers but government still in control of heavy industry. improved economy *lenin |
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| Socialism in one country for strength, social economy w/o aide of the west, took absolute control, established 5 year plans, did not create new prosperity, policies of industrialization and collectivization |
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| Plans to increase output in all of Russian economy. Standard of every worker. Quality of goods became suspect, and standard of living did not rise |
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| Bring peasantry under control, farms become state controlled, paid government, murder of kulaks, output does not increase. |
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| traditional antidemocratic govt . one person w/ ultimate authority - monarchies, prevented changes undermining social order. conservative authoritanism revived after WW1 |
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| Led spanish miltary forces who revolted against the popular front and began a brutal 3 year long civil war, established a dictatorship - conservative, authoritarian regime |
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| Minister of Propaganda, effectively glorified hitler and the nazi state, created films containing the nazi msg |
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| Wrote of disillusionment in western values. 'The decline of the west', humans as violent, irrational animals. |
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| An artistic movement in the 1920s & 30s by artists who were revolted by the slaughter of WW1 and used 'anti-art' to express their contempt |
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| An artistic movement that potrayed recognizable objects in unrecognizable relationships in order to reveal the world of the unconscious |
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| artist, surrealist, portrayed recognizable objects in unrecognizable situations. made the irrational tangible |
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| Innovative designs in domestic architecture, featued geometric structures with long lines, overhanging roofs, and severe planes of brick. modern american house. |
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| architects, artists, and designers who worked together to blend the study of fine arts with the applied arts, encouraged to create objcts and building with sensibility |
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| Viennese composer created atonnal music, radical new style that opposed traditions |
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| believed freuds theories were too narrow and biased. Studied dreams, studied spiritual needs, expanded on the idea of the unconscious, dreams bring humans to higher conscious |
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| Impposible to know the position and speed of an individual elecron and cannot predict behavior - heisenberg |
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