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Chapter 24
Urinary System Exam V
84
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/13/2011

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Term
Urinary System Organs
Definition
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Term
Urinary System Function
Definition
Maintains purity of blood and other body fluids by disposing of waste products
Term
Urinary System special components list
Definition
Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine
Term
Urea
Definition
from breakdown of amino acids from normal protein recycling; regulates blood volume and chemical makeup
Term
Uric Acid
Definition
from nucleic acid turnover
Term
Creatinine
Definition
formed by the breakdown of creatine phosphate (which stores energy for ATP formation)
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Color and shape
Definition
Red-brown and bean shaped
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Location
Definition
Retroperitoneal
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Location of both kidneys relative to each other
Definition
Right kidney is slightly inferior to left
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Surfaces
Definition
Lateral surface is convex, medial is concave
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Renal Capsule
Definition
surrounds each kidney (dense CT layer), maintains shape
Term
Kidneys: External Gross Anatomy: Cushioning
Definition
by fat layers
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Two regions
Definition
Cortex (outer) and Medulla (inner)
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Cortex components
Definition
Renal corpuscles (filters)and renal columns
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Cortex: Renal columns
Definition
Extend into inner region and separate pyramids
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Medulla
Definition
Medullary (renal) pyramids – base and apex (papilla); are striated (group of nephrons)
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Lobes
Definition
pyramid and cortical tissue
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus overview
Definition
space in medial portion of kidney, opening to hilum
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus contains...
Definition
renal vessels, nerves, fat, renal pelvis, and calices
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus: Renal Pelvis
Definition
flat tube, superior portion of ureter
Term
Kidneys: Internal Gross Anatomy: Renal Sinus: Calyx
Definition
extension of renal pelvis, major or minor (cup-shaped tubes that surround papillae (apex) of the pyramids)
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: Overview
Definition
Kidneys cleanse blood, so they have a rich blood supply
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: List of arteries and flow
Definition
Abdominal aorta to renal arteries to segmental arteries
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: Abdominal Aorta
Definition
branches laterally to form renal aarteries
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: Renal Arteries
Definition
divide into segmental arteries which enter the hilum
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: Segmental arteries
Definition
divide into interlobar arteries within the renal sinus which then travel through the renal columns
Term
Blood Supply to Kidneys: Veins and arteries
Definition
Trace the arteries pathway backwards
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: There are no.... veins
Definition
Segmental
Term
Blood supply to Kidneys: Vein route
Definition
Interlobar veins drain into renal veins which dump into the inferior vena cava
Term
Nervous Supply to Kidneys: Provided by...
Definition
Renal plexus (autonomic fibers and ganglia)
Term
Nervous Supply to Kidneys: Sympathetic fibers control...
Definition
The diameters of renal arteries and influence urine-formation function
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Nephron
Definition
structural and functional unit of the kidney, crowded together in kidney
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Nephron is surrounded by...
Definition
Loose CT (interstitial CT)
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Ways it produces urine
Definition
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Filtration
Definition
blood filtrate enters nephron from capillaries
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Reabsorption
Definition
nutrients, water, ions are returned to blood vessels
Term
Kidneys Microscopic Anatomy: Secretion
Definition
undesired substances move from blood to urine
Term
Nephron: Two parts
Definition
Renal corpuscle, renal tubule
Term
Nephron: Renal Tubule is divided into
Definition
Proximal conculuted tubule, nephron loop, distal convuluted tubule, collecting duct
Term
Nephron: Renal Corpuscle location
Definition
Cortex
Term
Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus
Definition
“ball” of capillaries w/ many pores
Term
Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus is surrounded by...
Definition
by glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule), with capsular space
Term
Nephron: Renal Corpuscle: Glomerulus filtration membrane
Definition
filter between blood and capsular space
Term
Nephron: Renal Tubule: Proximal convulted tubule location and function
Definition
Located in renal cortex, have microvilli to help resorb ions, water and solutes
Term
Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop (extends into medulla) two limbs
Definition
Descending and ascending limb
Term
Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop descending limb
Definition
Thin segment (narrowest part of nephron)
Term
Nephron: Renal Tubule: Nephron loop ascending limb
Definition
Portion of thin segment, thick segment
Term
Nephron: Nephron Tubule: Distal convoluted tubule location and function
Definition
located in renal cortex, and preforms some reabsorption and secretion
Term
Nephron: Nephron Tubule: Collecting Ducts function and route
Definition
Receives urine from several nephrons; goes through cortex into deep medulla eventually empty into minor calices
Term
Nephron: Nephron tubule: Distal convuluted tubule and collecting ducts
Definition
These two structures together conserve body fluids. ADH increases their permeability and water is resorbed by surrounding structures.
Term
Nephron Classes
Definition
Cortical and juxtamedullary (based on location)
Term
Nephron classes: Cortical location and percentage of total nephrons
Definition
Located mostly in cortex (loop of Henle extends into medulla); 85% of kidney's nephrons
Term
Nephron classes: Juxtamedullary location and percentage of total nephrons
Definition
Renal corpuscles are located at cortex-medulla border; have long loops of Henle, remaining 15% which allow for production of concentrated urine
Term
Ureters: One per...
Definition
Kidney
Term
Ureters: Function
Definition
Carry urine from kidneys to bladder
Term
Ureters: Continuous with
Definition
Begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis and runs retroperitoneally through abdomen and enters pelvis to get to bladder
Term
Ureters: enter bladder...
Definition
obliquely to prevent backflow
Term
Ureters: Layers
Definition
Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
Term
Ureters: Mucosa
Definition
Transitional epithelium and lamina propria
Term
Ureters: Muscularis
Definition
Inner longitudinal and outer circular layer
Term
Ureters: Adventitia
Definition
Connective tissue
Term
Ureters: Distention
Definition
causes contraction (peristaltic waves), as urine doesn't reach the bladder just by gravity
Term
Urinary Bladder: Physical description
Definition
Collapsible, distensible, and muscular sac
Term
Urinary Bladder: Function
Definition
Stores and eliminates urine
Term
Urinary Bladder: Location
Definition
Inferior to peritoneal cavity, posterior to public symphysis
Term
Urinary Bladder: Location in males
Definition
anterior to rectum
Term
Urinary Bladder: Location in females
Definition
Anterior to vagina and uterus
Term
Urinary Bladder Layers
Definition
Transitional epithelium and lamina propria, muscular layer (detrusor muscle), Adventia
Term
Urinary Bladder holds how much urine when full
Definition
1 pint
Term
Urethra: Composition
Definition
Composed of smooth muscle and inner layer of mucosa
Term
Urethra: Description and function
Definition
Thin-walled tube, drains urine from bladder out of body
Term
Urethra: Internal urethral sphincter
Definition
located between bladder and urethra, involuntary control
Term
Urethra: External urethral sphincter
Definition
located at distal end of urethra, voluntary control
Term
Urethra: Female urethra
Definition
is much shorter than the male urethra
Term
Micturition
Definition
Emptying the bladder
Term
Micturition: Mechanism
Definition
Detrusor muscle contracts, assisted by abdominal wall muscles
Term
Micturition is controlled by...
Definition
Brain
Term
Micturition: Entire process
Definition
Urine accumulates, bladder wall stretches and activates stretch receptors, sensory signals sent to pons, parasympathetic neurons signal detrusor muscle to contract
Term
Micturition: Incontinence
Definition
inability to control micturition
Term
Blood route
Definition
Blood to renal corpuscle to proximal convoluted tubule to loop of Henle to distal convoluted tubule to collecting duct to papillary duct to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvus to ureter to bladder to urethra to micturition
Term
Renal calculi (kidney stones)
Definition
Minerals in urine crystallize; most can pass, but some become too big and obstruct a ureter
Term
Pyelitis
Definition
infection of renal pelvis and calices
Term
Pyelonephritis
Definition
infection of entire kidney
Term
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Definition
A genetic disorder, cysts form and enlarge, no obvious symptoms until age 30-40
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