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Definition
| a sarcastic name given by Mark Twain - meant "Golden Age" and applied to the robber barons |
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| leader of the union army (general); is elected president (and reelected) and is known for being surrounded by corruption, scandals and drinking |
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| Civil Service Reform/the Pendleton Act (1883) |
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Definition
| (merit vs. connections::what you know vs. who you know). The Pendleton Act was an act of civil-service reform to end the spoils system, prohibited financial assessment on jobholders, also created a merit system of making appointments based on ability |
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| Boss Tweed in NYC ("the Tweed Ring") |
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Definition
| a gang that controlled city hall, they could demand money from the federal gov., used the spoils system to get their way. the NY Times revealed them and Boss Tweed went to jail |
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| cartoonist (politics) that attacked the system and politicians, also attacked Boss Tweed in his cartoons |
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| Denis Kearney (San Francisco)/Chinese "coolies" |
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Definition
He was an Irish born leader, had followers, worked on the railroad; tried to keep the chinese out of railroads, was a demagogue, a speaker who uses your feelings to manipulate you.
Coolies was a nickname given to the Chinese people who worked on constructing the Central Pacific Railroad, they supplied a cheap labor force and helped get the railroad built quickly |
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Term
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| 1882-1943: act that said chinese immigrants cannot come to America, President Hayes tries to veto it, which was political suicide for his career |
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| US vs. Wong Kim Arc/birthright citizenship/14th amendement |
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Definition
| 14th amendement gave citizenship to black people: US vs. Wong Kim Arc extended the citizenship to all people |
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Definition
| Dark Horse Republican Candidate from Ohio, was assassinated before the end of his term |
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Term
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Definition
| became president after Garfield was assassinated, passed the pendleton act (seechart on p.529), |
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| Grover Cleveland/lower tariffs |
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Definition
| won election 1884 against Rep. James Blaine even though Blaine won the majority of the pop. vote; during presidency helped to stop payment of unnecessary pensions and lowered tariffs |
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Term
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Definition
| a republican, passed the Dawes Act and Interstate Commerce Act, raised tariffs, was president in between Cleveland's two terms |
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| "Jubilee" Jim Fisk and Jay Gould |
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Definition
| Jim Fisk was a millionaire, he provided the brass in the partnership with Jay Gould, concocted a plan to corner the gold market and become richer. Jay Gould was considered the "brains" of this partnership. |
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Term
| The Credit Mobilier Scandal and The Whiskey Ring |
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Definition
railroad construction company formed by insiders of the transcontinental Union Pacific Railway hired themselves to build the railroad line and overpaid themselves; to keep things under wraps they sold stock to key Congressmen and Grant's VP; dirtiest work done 1867-68; tarred Grant's political record
Whiskey Ring:1875, crime which robbed the treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues, President Grant wanted to prosecute the culprit until he realized that it was his own private secretary, he gave a written statement to the jury and his secretary was cleared |
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Term
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Definition
| Editor of the New York Tribune, nominated as a presidential candidate by the New York Republican Party at Cincinnati nominating convention, also supported by the democrats, lost to Grant and went insane, election of 1872 |
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| The Panic of 1873 (hard money (gold and silver) vs. greenbacks) |
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Definition
| caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than the existing markets could bare |
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Term
| Roscoe Conkling and his Stalwarts |
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Definition
| the other faction within the Republican party, followers of Rosco Conkling (Senator from NY), embraced the swapping of government jobs for votes |
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Term
| James G. Blaine and his Half-Breeds |
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Definition
| Blaine was the leader of the half-breeds (another faction of the republican party), created opposition to the "Stalwarts" helped to deadlock the republican party. |
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Term
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| Election of 1876, republican candidate, officer of the civil war, narrowly won the election, served only one term, he accomplished very little, his presidency ended the reconstruction period |
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Term
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Definition
| democratic candidate, known as the man who bagged Boss Tweed, actually won the election of 1876, but lost b/c of the Compromise of 1877 |
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| The Compromise of 1877 (End of Reconstruction) |
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Definition
| after the election of 1876 the two parties were in a deadlock over who should count the electoral votes, would create an Electoral Commission to count votes, this didn't work so Democrats accepted Hayes on the basis that troops in LA & SC would be removed |
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Term
| Jim Crow (legal segregation) in the South |
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Definition
| segregation of blacks/whites made legal, these laws enforced segregation in public places, (consequences: lynching, etc) - developed during 1890s |
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Term
| Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| ruled that blacks and whites were "seperate but equal" - white claimed that it was constitutional in "equal protection" clause of the 14th amendment |
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Term
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Definition
| passed by Grover Cleveland, to control Indians in 1887; struck directly @ tribal organizations and tried to make individualists out of the Indians; it stripped Indians of their land; this was one of the legislative landmarks Cleveland left during his 4 year term |
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