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Chapter 23: Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2011

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Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
consists of a network of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues and lympoid organs
Term
Lymphatic vessels
Definition
delives lymph from the peripheral tissues to the venous system; outside to inside!
Term
What does Lymph consist of?
Definition
intersitial fluid, lymphocytes, and macrophages
Term
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
Definition
  1. produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes
  2. maintain normal blood volume and eliminate local variations in composition of intersitial fluid
  3. provide alternate route for the transport of hormones, nutrients, and waste products
Term
Primary lymphoid structures
Definition
contain stem cells that divide to produce B, T, or NK cells
Term
secondary lymphoid structures
Definition
immature or activated lymphocytes divide to produce additional lymphocytes of the same type
Term
Lymphatic vessels AKA lymphatics
Definition
carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system
Term
Lymphatic capillaries
Definition
  • thin walls
  • irregular outline
  • walls are one way valve- intersitial can pass into capillary but cannot escape
  • low lymph pressure
  • absorb viruses and bacteria and debri
  • present in almost every tissue in the body except areas where there is a lack of blood supply
Term
Lymphatic vessels
Definition
comparable to veins, valves prevent backflow of lymph, smooth muscle in walls, typically found in association with blood vessels
Term
Major Lymph-Collecting Vessels
Definition
two types, superficial lymphatics travel with superficial veins, deep lymphatics accompany deep arteries and veins
Term
Lymphatic Trunks
Definition
where superficial and deep lymphatics converge to form larger vessels
Term
What are the 5 lymphatic trunks?
Definition
  • lumbar trunk
  • intestinal trunks
  • bronchomediastinal trunks
  • subclavian trunks
  • jugular trunks
Term
lymphatic ducts
Definition
collecting vessels where the lymphatic trunks empty that deliver lymph to the venous circulation
Term
thoracic duct
Definition
collects lymph from both sides of the body inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of the body superior to the diphragm
Term
right lymphatic duct
Definition
collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm
Term
What do lymphocytes respond to?
Definition
  1. invading organisms: bacteria and viruses
  2. abnormal body cells such as cancer cells
  3. foreign proteins such as toxins released from some bacteria
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
main cells of lymphatic system, attempt to eliminate threats, initiate immune response
Term
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?
Definition
  1. T cells (thymus dependent) 80%
  2. B cells (bone marrow derived) 10-15%
  3. NK cells (natural killer) 5-10%
Term
Immune response
Definition
goal of destruction or inactivation of pathogens/foreign molecules
Term
What are the 2 ways an immune response is initiated?
Definition
  1. direct attack by t cells
  2. attack by circulating antibodies released by plasma
Term
Lymphopoiesis
Definition
lymphocyte production; occurs in bone marrow and thymus
Term
lymphoid tissues
Definition
connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes
Term
lymphoid nodule
Definition
lymphocytes are densely packed in the loose connective tissue lining the respiratory, diestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
Term
Lymph Nodes
Definition
  • small, oval shaped
  • blood vessels and nerves attach to lymph node
  • afferent(towards) and efferent(away) lymphatics attach to every lymph node
  • lymph nodes filter and purify lymph before it reaches venous system
Term
With age the lymphatic system becomes less effective in a variety of ways..
Definition
  • T cells become less responsive to antigens
  • number of T cells is reduced
  • B cells are less responsive
  • antibody levels do not rise as fast after antigen exposure
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