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Chapter 23: GI Tract pt.1
Cards based on outline for Ch.23
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/10/2016

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Term
What are the components of the GI tract?
Definition
-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus
Term
What are the 4 major functions of the digestive system and where does it occur?
Definition
1. propulsion: movement of food through alimentary canal
2. digestion: mechanical and chemical break down of food
3. absorption of nutrients: absorbs nutrients of food to lymphatic capillaries in wall of small and large intestine
4. defecation: elimination of indigestible substances from body via anal canal and rectum
Term
What are the 4 tissue layers of the wall of the GI tract?
Definition
-mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis externa
-serosa
Term
What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa of the GI tract?
Definition
-lining epithelium
-lamina propria (loose areolar CT, DICT)
-muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
Term
What's the general rule for the specific tissue type of epithelium located in the mucosa?
Definition
only stratifified sqaumous non keratinized and (starting with stomach) simple columnar ept. w/ goblet cells
Term
What structures are often found in the lamina propria?
Definition
-arteries, veins, and nerves
-glands
-MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) which defends against invasion by bacteria and other microorganisms
Term
What structures are located in the submucosa?
Definition
-arteries, veins, and nerves
-glands
Term
Is the submucosa superior or inferior to the mucosa?
Definition
inferior
Term
What general rule is used to determine the specific type of tissue located in the muscularis?
Definition
skeletal muscle and changes in smooth muscle at the esophagus
Term
What is the rule for the serosa?
Definition
The organs that are coverednin the visceral peritoneum have a serosa
Term
What is the specific composition of serosa?
Definition
-LCT
-Simple squamous ept. (visceral peritoneum)
Term
What does retroperitoneal mean? name 3 retroperitoneal organs?
Definition
peritoneum located behind the peritoneum when fully developed
-pancreas
-duodenum
-rectum
Term
Where is the parietal peritoneum located?
Definition
outer layer that lines the abdominal cavity
Term
Where is the visceral peritoneum located?
Definition
inner layer that covers all organs contained in the abdomen
Term
Where is the peritoneal cavity and what is acites?
Definition
Peritoneal lies between the two peritoneum and holds peritoneal fluid.
acites the accumulation of acitic fluid in the abdomen
Term
What type of epithelium is the inner sublayer of the mucosa of oral cavity & 2 parts of the pharynx? why?
Definition
stratified squamous ept. (?) in the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx to protect against abrasion since they are the pathway for food
Term
What type of muscle tissue is in the muscularis of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Definition
pharyngeal constrictor muscles and skeletal muscles (?)
Term
What is the major function of the esophagus?
Definition
propels swallowed food into the stomach
Term
Where is the esophagus located?
Definition
posterior to the trachea
Term
What organ is continuous wit the esophagus superiorly? inferiorly?
Definition
superiorly: pharynx
inferiorly: stomach (?)
Term
What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the esophagus?
Definition
nonkeratinized stratified squamous ept.
Term
What is the product of the submucosal glands?
Definition
lubricant mucus to aid the bolus to pass through the esophagus
Term
What type of tissue makes up the muscularis in the esophagus?
Definition
skeletal muscle > smooth & skeletal > smooth muscle
Term
Where in the abdomen is the stomach located?
Definition
extends from the esophagus to the small intestine, directly inferior to the diaphram and anterior to the spleen and pancreas
Term
What specific tissue lines the lumen of the stomach?
Definition
simple columnar ept.
Term
Are there any multicellular glands in the mucosa of the stomach?
Definition
tubular gastric glands that contain: mucous neck cells, parietal cells, and chief cells
Term
What are rugae and are the permanent structures?
Definition
longitudinal folds in the mucosa of the stomach which flatten as the stomach expands
Term
What do parietal, chief, and mucus neck cells produce? What does HCl do to the production of chief cells?
Definition
parietal cells: HCl and gastric intrinsic factor
chief cells: pepsinogen
mucus neck cells: mucus with an unknown function
Term
What is the major function of the small intestine?
Definition
where 90% of digestion and absorption of food occurs
Term
What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?
Definition
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
Term
What is the function of mucosal specializations? name 3 examples
Definition
increase surface area
-plicae circulares
-villi
-microvilli
Term
What are lacteals? what do they transport?
Definition
lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb and transport digested fats
Term
What do intestinal glands secrete?
Definition
digestive enzymes
Term
Where are goblet cells located? what do they produce?
Definition
located in the small and large intestine and produce mucus
Term
What is the mesentary?
Definition
peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen
Term
What are the haustra?
Definition
the pockets of the large intestine that house feces
Term
What are the tenia coli?
Definition
muscle that runs the length of the large intestine
Term
what are epiploic appendages?
Definition
small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon, but are absent in the rectum
[image]
Term
Name the regions of the large intestine
Definition
-cecum
-ascending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-rectum
-anal canal
-external anal orifice
Term
What appendage is located at the ileocecal junction?
Definition
ileocecal valve
Term
What stops the ascending colon superiorly?
Definition
hepatic flexure
Term
What 2 regions of the colon are retroperitoneal?
Definition
Term
What specific type of epithelium lines the lumen of the large intestine?
Definition
simple columnar ept.
Term
Are villi, intestinal glands, or goblet cells present in the colon?
Definition
no villi
simple tubular glands
goblet cells are abundant
Term
What are the main functions of the large intestine?
Definition
absorbs remaining water, propels feces towards rectum, and eliminates feces from body
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