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Chapter 22: Respiratory System
Outline cards for Ch.22
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2016

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Term
What are the components of the Respiratory System?
Definition
-Nose and nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Bronchial tree
-Lungs
Term
What are the two main regions of the respiratory system?
Definition
-Conducting zone: nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
-Respiratory zones: respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
Term
What is the purpose of the conduction zone?
Definition
Conducts airs (warms, moisten, cleanse air coming in)
Term
What is the purpose of the respiratory zone?
Definition
exchange of gases from respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
[image]
Term
What are the boundaries of your nasal cavity?
Definition
roof: ethmoid & sphenoid bones
floor: maxillary & palatine
nasal septum: ethmoid & vomer
lateral wall: ethmoid, inferior nasal concha & palatine
Term
Where are the internal nares located?
Definition
posterior of the nasal passage, between nasal cavity & throat
[image]
Term
What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity? floor? nasal septum? lateral wall?
Definition
roof: ethmoid & sphenoid
floor: maxillary & palatine
nasal septum: ethmoid & vomer
later wall: ethmoid, inferior nasal concha & palatine
Term
What is the function and location of the olfactory mucosa?
Definition
function: receptors of the sense smell (CN I)
location: near roof of nasal cavity
Term
What passes through the olfactory foramina?
Definition
Olfactory nerve 1
Term
What specific type of epithelium lines most of the resp. system?
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar ept. w goblet cells
Term
What do goblet cells represent? What do they produce?
Definition
They produce mucus
Term
Where are the 3 regions of the pharynx? 2 functions?
Definition
Nasopharynx: airway passage only
Oropharynx: passage way for food & air
Laryngopharynx: passageway for food & air
Term
Where are the tonsils located in the pharynx?
Definition
in the oropharynx, lateral walls of the fauces
[image]
Term
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located? What are adenoids?
Definition
in the nasopharynx, roof of the mouth, behind soft palet where nose connects to throat
[image]
adenoids produce antibodies that help fight infections
Term
What is the significance of the Eustachian or auditory tube? Location?
Definition
it connects and clears mucus the middle ear cavity with nasopharynx
[image]
Term
What vertebral level is the larynx located at?
Definition
C4-C6
Term
What types of cartilages are in the larynx?
Definition
-thyroid cartilage
-cricoid cartilage
-epiglottis
Term
What is the rima glottidis?
Definition
opening between true vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages
[image]
Term
What happens to the pitch of a sound when the vocal ligaments (elastic fibers) are pulled tight?
Definition
the pitch gets higher
Term
What are the functions of the larynx?
Definition
-speech
-air pathway
-swallowing
Term
What are the boundaries of the trachea?
Definition
starts below cricoid cartilage and ends with the carina (where it splits to two primary bronchi)
Term
What is the structure of the wall of the trachea?
Definition
Supported by c-shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings
Term
What is the purpose of trachealis muscle in the trachea?
Definition
smooth muscle that closes the open end of the C
Term
What lines the trachea?
Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue with goblet cells
Term
What is the functions of the goblet cells and cilia in the ept. cells in the trachea?
Definition
They produce mucus to trap foreign particles in your resp. system, then they are moved by cilia
Term
What is the order of the bronchi branching?
Definition
primary > secondary > tertiary
Term
How many lobar (secondary) branches are in the R lung? L lung?
Definition
R: 3
L: 2
Term
What are terminal bronchioles?
Definition
Last order of bronchioles that are still part of the conducting portion of respiratory system
Term
What is the structure of a respiratory bronchiole?
Definition
microscopic and they begin the respiratory portion of the respiratory system
Term
What and where are the alveoli?
Definition
they are continuous with the respiratory bronchioles and is where gas exchange occurs
Term
What are the 3 types of alveolar cells that line the the alveolar wall?
Definition
type 1: simple squamous ept. (discontinuous lining)
type 2: septal cell (surficant and lowers water tension)
type 3: macrophages (clean out small particles in the lung ie. dust)
Term
What disease is related to absence or insufficient surfactant production? Why is this more common in preemies?
Definition
Respiratory Distress Syndrome or Hyaline Membrane Disease, it's more common in preemies bc it's due to immature lungs
Term
What do the macrophages in alveoli do?
Definition
removed inhaled particles not trapped by mucus
Term
Is there a basal lamina in type 1 ept.?
Definition
Yes, it's surrounded by a delicate basal lamina
Term
Where is the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs located?
Definition
in the septal wall, between the alveoli
Term
What is the lining epithelium of the pulmonary capillaries and is there a basal lamina?
Definition
Term
What are the components of the respiratory membrane?
Definition
-cytoplasm of type 1 (simple squamous ept.) alveolar cell
-fused basal laminae
-endothelial cells
Term
Describe the diffusion of gases in the alveoli
Definition
-gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide
-simple diffusion (moves down concentration gradient)
Term
What are the locations of the 2 layers of pleural membranes and the cavity between?
Definition
-the parietal pluera lines the inside of the rib cage and diaphram
-the visceral pleura covers the lungs
-the pleural cavity is between them
Term
What is the function of the pleural fluid?
Definition
lubrication to allow the pleurae to slide against each other
Term
Where are the surfaces and apex of the lungs?
Definition
the top of the lungs
Term
What specific blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the bronchi and CT of the lungs?
Definition
bronchial arteries
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