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Chapter 2
Exam 1
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2011

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Term
cell theory
Definition
all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are only produced by the division of pre-existing cells, cells are the smallest units that perform all vital functions
Term
two types of cells
Definition
sex cells, somatic cells
Term
sex cells
Definition
germ cells that are derived from testis or ovary
Term
somatic cells
Definition
all remaining cells or cell types in the body (not sex cells)
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
fluid medium inside the cell
Term
cell membrane consists of
Definition
phospholipid bilary=proteins, glycolipids, cholesterol
Term
two categories of proteins in any plasma membrane
Definition
integral and peripheral
Term
integral proteins
Definition
embedded in teh phopholipid bilayer
Term
peripheral proteins
Definition
associated with either the outside or the inside layers of the plasma membrane
Term
simple diffusion
Definition
movement from high to low concentration;passive transport
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffusion of water from high to low concentration; passive transport
Term
filtration
Definition
movement of dissolved substances due to hydrostatic forces; passive transport
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
involves special carrier proteins that transport larger molecules (proteins); passive transport
Term
exocytosis
Definition
release or secretion of material from cell; active transport
Term
endocytosis
Definition
bringing in of extracellular material by a vesicle; active transport
Term
two types of endocytosis
Definition
pinocytosis, phagocytosis
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
bringing fluid into the cell
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
brining particulare matter into the cell
Term
cytoplasm has high concentrations of...
Definition
proteins, amino acids, and potassium
Term
cytoplasm has low concentration of...
Definition
carbs, sodium chloride, magnesium, and calcium
Term
cytoplasm is divided into..
Definition
cytosol and organelles
Term
in cytosol
Definition
microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella, ribosomes--- no membrane!
Term
in cytoskeleton
Definition
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Term
microfilaments
Definition
anchor cytoskeleton to integral proteins of plasma membrane
Term
intermediate filaments
Definition
stabilize position of organelles
Term
microtubules
Definition
hollow tubes that give shape and some rigidity to cell, mechanism for cell movement
Term
microvilli
Definition
non motile, non branching, all similiar length
Term
cilia
Definition
non-branching, motile, beat, longer then microvilli, 9+2 microtubules
Term
centrioles
Definition
nine pairs of triplets at right angles, important in cell division
Term
flagellum
Definition
longer than cilia, found mostly on spermatozoa, move cells
Term
ribosomes
Definition
RNA, primary site of protein synthesis, exit in two formations: fized and free
Term
mitochondria
Definition
membrane bound; have own DNA; produces 95% of ATP
Term
nucleus control center for...
Definition
transcription, translation
Term
transcription
Definition
using DNA to make mRNA segments
Term
translation
Definition
mRNA segments move into cytoplasm at ribosomes to serve as a code to synthesize new proteins
Term
four major functions of ER
Definition
synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification
Term
rough ER
Definition
protein secreting
Term
smooth ER
Definition
making cholestrerol or steriod compounds
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
package material for lysosomes
Term
lysosomes
Definition
eventually metabolize material take into cell; suicide sacs
Term
zonula occludens
Definition
block passage of water and other substances aka tight junction
Term
zonula adherens
Definition
anchoring junctions, sheet like
Term
macula adherens
Definition
spot weld; anchoring; aka desmosome
Term
gap junction
Definition
aka electical or nexus, communicating
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