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| Anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| Smallest particle of an element |
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| Make up atoms, proton +, neutron +/-, electron - |
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| number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one atom, unique to each element, equals number of electrons in an atom |
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| Number of protons plus number of neutrons in one atom, electrons don't contribute to the weight of the atom |
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| Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine |
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| Composed of chemically identical atoms |
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| Atoms with same atomic number but different atomic weights, same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons, oxygen forms isotopes, unstable isotopes are radioactive, they emit energy or atomic fragments |
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| Particle formed when 2+ atoms of different elements chemically combine |
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| Substance consisting of two or more substances that have been combined without chemical bonding taking place |
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| An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable, electrically charged from bonding taking place |
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| Formed when an atom gains electrons |
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| Formed when an atom looses electrons |
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| Attraction between a cation and an anion, formed hen electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom |
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| Formed when atoms share electrons, structural formulas show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules |
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| Molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end, results when electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds, water is an important polar molecule. |
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| Weak attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule, formed between two water molecules, important for protein and nucleic acid structure |
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| Occur when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules |
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| Starting materials of the reaction-the atoms, ions or molecules |
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| Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction |
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| More complex chemical structure is formed |
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| Chemical bonds are broken to form a simpler chemical structure |
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| Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds formed |
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| The products can change back to the reactants |
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| Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water |
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| Substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions |
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| Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base |
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| Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution |
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| Organic Molecules/Substances |
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| Contain C & H, usually larger than inorganic molecules, dissolve in water and organic liquids, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids |
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| Inorganic Molecules/Substances |
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| Generally don't contain C (only H), usually smaller than organic molecules, usually dissociate in water, forming ions; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inorganic salts. |
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| Organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
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| Fat, oil or fat-like compound that usually has fatty acids in its molecular structure |
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| A&T, G&C, DNA:double polynucleotide (double strand), RNA:single polynucleotide (single strand),carry genes, encode amino acid sequences of proteins, building blocks are nucleotides, (phosphate-sugar-base) |
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| Structural material, energy source, hormones, receptors, enzymes, antibodies, 4 levels of structure |
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| Primary(all)-sequence of amino acids, Secondary(all)-Pleated &/or helix structure, Tertiary(all proteins go to here):3-D blobs & secondary folds back on itself, Quantemary(some go this far):2 or more individual proteins functioning as a single unit(hemoglobin) |
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