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Chapter 22 - Heart
Heart
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2011

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Term
Arteries 
Definition
Carry blood away from the heart 
Term
Veins
Definition
Carry blood back to the heart
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries and veins, conveys blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries and returns it to the heart via pulonary veins
Term
Systemic circulation
Definition
left atrium, left ventricle, carries blood to peripheral organs, Arota (systemic artery) carries blood to body, superior and inferior vena cava (veins) carry deoxygenated blood back to heart. 
Term
Pericardium
Definition
fibrous sac and serous lining that contains the heart
Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition
outermost layer, dense connective tissue, attached to diaphram and great vessels 
Term
Serous pericardium
Definition

inner portion of the pericardium

1) Parietal layer - lines teh inner surface of the fibrous pericardium 

2) Visceral layer - covers the outside of the heart 

Term
Pericardial cavity
Definition

Thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium.

Serous fluid is secreted to lubricate the serous memebrance and facilitate the almost frictionless, continuous movement of the heart between beats. 

Term
Epicardium
Definition

outermost layer of the heart also known as visceral layer of the serous pericardium. 

Composed of serous membrane and areolar connective tissue

 

Term
Myocardium
Definition
Middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiam muscle tissue. 
Term
Endocardium
Definition

Interal surface of the heart, external surface of the heart valve are covered in endocardium. 

Composed of simple squamous epithelium and a layer of areolar connective tissue. 

Term
Pathway of blood through heart and lungs
Definition
Right atrium à tricuspid valve à right ventricle
Right ventricle à pulmonary semilunar valve à pulmonary arteries à lungs
Lungs à pulmonary veins à left atrium
Left atrium à bicuspid valve à left ventricle
Left ventricle à aortic semilunar valve à aorta
Aorta à systemic circulation
Term
Interatrial Septum
Definition
forms thin wall between the left and right atrium
Term
Interventricular septum
Definition
forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricle
Term
"Lubb"
Definition
Sound the heart makes when the AV valves close
Term
"Dubb"
Definition
Sound heart makes when the semilunar valves close
Term
Right AV vale
Definition
Tricuspid valve
Term
Left AV valve
Definition
Bicuspid
Term
Intercalated discs
Definition
Mechanically  and electrically link cells together and permit the immediate passage of muscle impulses 
Term
Gap junctions
Definition
provides low resistance pathway across rteh memebranes of adjoining cardiac muscle cells allowing unrestricted passage of ions required for synchronous beating of cardiac muscle cells
Term
SA node
Definition

heartbeat is initiated by the specialized cardiac muscle cells of the SA node.

Located in the posterior wall of the right atrium. Also called pacemaker.

Parasympathetic innervation

Term
AV node 
Definition

located in the floor of the right atrium 

slows conduction of the impulse as it travels from the atria to the ventricles providing delay between activation and contraction of the ventricles. 

Term
AV bundle (bundle of His)
Definition
recieves muslce impulse from the AV node and extends into the interventricular septum before dividing into left and right bundles. 
Term
Purkinje cells
Definition
conduction fibers, begin at apex of the heart, recieve impulse from left and right bundles 
Term
Sympathetic nervous system
Definition
stimulation is activated by stress, anxiety, excitement, or exercise
Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
Stimulation is medicated by acetylcholine and opposese the SNS. 
Term
Extrinsic Innervation of the heart 
Definition
Heart is stimulated by the sympathetic cardioacceleratory center
Heart is inhibited by the parasympathetic cardioinhibitory center
Term
Systole
Definition
Contraction of the heart muscle, blood is sent from atrium to ventricle or ventricle to artery
Term
Diastole
Definition
relaxation of the heart muscle, chamber fills with blood
Term
P wave
Definition
Atrial polarization
Term
QRS complex
Definition
Ventrical polarization
Term
T wave
Definition
ventrical repolarization
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