Term
| Approximately how many times a day does the heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chambers are there in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries carbon dioxide rich blood from the heart to the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs and returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body's cells, returns carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport blood away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| return blood to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are small, thin walled vessels that interconnect the smallest arteries and veins
(called the exchange vessels because they permit exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the serous membrane lining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external surface of heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of multiple, interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner surface of the heart, simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- organized myofibrils, striations
- dependent on aerobic respiration to obtain the energy
- reserves of myoglobin
- involuntary contraction
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensive connective tissue network of the heart |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton? |
|
Definition
- stabilizing the positions of the muscle cells and valves in the heart
- providing physical support for the cardiac muscle cells and for the blood vessels and nerves in the myocardium
- distributing the forces of contraction
- reinforcing the valves and helping prevent overexpansion of the heart
- providing elasticity that helps return the heart to its original shape after each contraction
- physicall isolating the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscle cells
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opens into posterior, superior portion of the right atrium, delivers venous blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opens into the posterior and inferior portion of the right atrium, delivers venous blood from the rest of the trunk, the viscera, and the lower limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates the right and left atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous flaps forming heart valves |
|
|
Term
| right atrioventricular valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick muscular partition that separates the 2 ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the superior end of the right ventricle that tapers into a smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found at superior end of right ventricle; semilunar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood ejects from the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary valve and starts the pulmonary circuit |
|
|
Term
| Where does the blood flow after the pulmonary trunk? |
|
Definition
| into the left and right pulmonary arteries then to the pulmonary capillaries where gas exchange occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two veins formed from the pulmonary capillaries that carry oxygen rich blood back to the left atrium |
|
|
Term
| left atrioventricular valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? |
|
Definition
| the left ventricle; enables it to develop enough pressure to force blood around the entire systemic circuit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when blood leaves the left ventricle it passes through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to listen to the heart sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| listening for familiar heart sounds with a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
| What produces the first "lubb" of the "lubb-dupp" heart sounds? |
|
Definition
| when the AV valves close at the start of the ventricular systole |
|
|
Term
| What produces the second "dupp" sound you hear with a stethoscope? |
|
Definition
| when the semilunar valves close at the beginning of the ventricular diastole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the 3rd intercostal space where the heart sounds can be heard the best |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3rd heart sound? (rarely heard) |
|
Definition
| blood flowing into the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| What is the 4th heart sound? (rarely ever heard) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period when the ventricles are NOT contracting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period when the ventricles are contracting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when in a newborn, a shunt connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originate at the base of the ascending aorta, within the aortic sinus, as the first branches of the ascending aorta |
|
|
Term
| Where is blood pressure higher than anywhere else in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies the right atrium, both ventricles and the conduction system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies the left ventricle, the left atrium, and the interventricular septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bypass refer to the number of cornary arteries bypassed in the procedure |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the cardiac cycle? |
|
Definition
| the period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most rapidly depolarizing nodal cells |
|
|
Term
| sinoatrial node (SA node) |
|
Definition
| cardiac pacemaker where pacemaker cells are found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell membranes spontaneously depolarize to threshold |
|
|
Term
| What is released to lower the heart rate and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| ACh is released by parasympathetic neurons which slows the depolarization and lowers the heart rate |
|
|
Term
| What is released to increase the heart rate and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| norepinepherine is released by sympathetic neurons which increases the rate of depolarization and therefore the heart rate increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atrioventricular node (AV node) |
|
Definition
| electrically connected to the cells of the SA node; sits within the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ECG or EKG
records electrical events associated with depolarization and repolarization of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accompanies the depolarization of the atria
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
appears as the ventricles depolarize; this signal is relatively strong because the mass of the ventricular muscle is much larger than that of the atria
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indicates ventricular repolarization
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal patterns of cardiac activity; ECGs are a useful way of detecting and diagnosing these |
|
|
Term
| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
|
Definition
| heart polarization is initiated by the ventricles rather than the sinoatrial node |
|
|
