Term
| Lymphatic System: Components |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lymph capillaries to lymphatic collecting vessels (nodes scattered) to lymph trunks to lymph ducts |
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Term
| Lymphatic Vessels: Direction |
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Definition
| One-way system (only toward the heart) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid from loose CT that surrounds tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| More fluid exits from the arteriole side than leaves from the venule side – lymphatic system returns it to bloodstream |
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Term
| Lymphatic System also returns... |
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Definition
| Plasma protein that leaked out |
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Term
| Lymph Capillaries: Function |
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Definition
| Collect the excess fluid tissue (lymph), drain into lymphatic collecting vessels |
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Term
| Lymph Capillaries: Composition |
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Definition
| Single layer of endothelium, form many minivalves due to overlap of cells- allows fluid to easily enter but not exit. |
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Term
| Lymph Capillaries also let in |
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Definition
| Pathogens, proteins, and cancer cells. |
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Term
| Lymph capillaries: Location |
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Definition
| Located at most places blood capillaries occur EXCEPT bone, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS |
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Term
| Lymph Capillaries: Lacteals |
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Definition
| Are specialized lymphatic capillaries in small intestine which can absorb fat |
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Carry fluid... |
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Definition
| from lymph capillaries to nodes |
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Composition |
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Definition
Have same tunics as blood vessels.
Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa, Walls are thinner than blood vessels’ walls |
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Valve number |
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Definition
| Have MANY valves, more than veins |
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Superficial lymph vessels travel... |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Deep lymph vessels travel... |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Movement is propelled by... |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle action, artery pulsations, tunica media, normal movements of trunk and limbs. |
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Term
| Lymph Collecting Vessels: Movement of lymph... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Remove pathogens from lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| Bean-shaped, often occur in clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive lymph from head and neck |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive lymph from upper limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive lymph from lower limbs |
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Term
| Lymph Nodes: Cancerous cells |
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Definition
| If cancerous cells gets into lymphatic system, they can be widely dispersed and tumors can develop at nodes |
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Term
| Lymph nodes are surrounded by... |
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Definition
| Fibrous capsule (dense CT) |
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Term
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Definition
| Extend inward and divide node into compartments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Indented region (efferent exit though) |
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Term
| Lymph Nodes: Lymph Sinuses |
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Definition
| Are located between afferent and efferent vessels, macrophages consume foreign particles. (Subcapsular, cortical, and medullary) |
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Term
| Lymph Nodes: Swollen Lymph Nodes |
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Definition
| Occur when pathogen load is high |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by convergence of largest lymphatic collecting vessels, drain large areas of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lumbar, Intestinal, Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian, Jugular |
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Term
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Definition
| Sides of aorta in inferior abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower limbs, pelvic organs, anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| Intestinal Trunk: Location |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stomach, intestines, digestive organs |
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Term
| Bronchomediastinal: Location |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchomediastinal: Drain |
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Definition
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Term
| Subclavian Trunk: Location |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Upper Limbs, inferior neck, superior thoracic wall |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Largest lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs along vertebral bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Empties into veins at intersection of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Is sometimes joined by other lymph trunks (left jugular, subclavian, brochomediastinal) – if it is, it drains ¾ of the body (lower half, left side of head, neck, thorax, left upper limb) |
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Term
| Right Lymphatic Duct: Prevalence in people |
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Definition
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Term
| Right lymphatic duct: Composition |
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Definition
| Union of right jugular, subclavian, and broncomediastinal trunks |
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Term
| Right lymphatic duct: Drains |
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Definition
| Drains near junction of right internal jugular and subclavian veins (right upper ¼ of the body) |
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Term
| Right lymphatic duct: If not present.. |
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Definition
| trunks drain into separate veins |
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Term
| Immune system key components |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, lymphoid organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fight disease by targeting specific foreign molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign molecule that induces a response |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs that recognize and attack specific types of foreign molecules |
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Term
| Lymphocytes: 2 main classes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganism penetrates epithelial barriers, attacks underlying CT – is in turn attacked by inflammation, macrophages, and lymphocytes |
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Term
| Lymphocytes: Recirculation |
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Definition
| B and T cells continuously circulate, enter/exit CT, lymph tissue, blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphocyte Activation: Dendritic cell |
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Definition
| “presents” antigen to lymphocyte |
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Term
| Lymphocyte Activation: Effector lymphocytes |
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Definition
| short lived; immediately attack pathogen and die |
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Term
| Effector Lymphocytes B cells |
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Definition
| mark antigens for phagocytosis |
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Term
| Effector Lymphocytes T cells |
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Definition
| T cells either directly lyse cell (cytotoxic) or release cytokines (helper), which stimulate production of different cell types |
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Term
| Lymphocyte Activation: Memory lymphocyte |
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Definition
| waits in lymphoid tissue in case antigen comes back later |
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Term
| Lymphoid Tissue: Overview |
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Definition
| Specialized CT that has many lymphocytes |
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Term
| Lymphoid Tissue: Location |
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Definition
MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue): frequently affected mucous membranes located in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
All lymphoid organs except thymus |
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Term
| Lymphoid Tissue: Function |
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Definition
| Main "battleground" for infection, lymphocyte activation site. |
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Term
| Lymphoid Tissue: Composition |
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Definition
| Framework is reticular CT with fibroblasts |
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Term
| Lymphoid Tissue: Lymphoid follicles (nodules) |
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Definition
| clusters of lymphocytes – each comes from a single B cell that rapidly divides (new ones leave to become plasma cells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bone marrow (B cells), thymus (T cells |
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Term
| Secondary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid nodules (gather infectious microorganisms) |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Bone Marrow |
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Definition
| Red marrow generates blood cells. |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Bone Marrow B cells |
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Definition
| develop immunocompetence in bone marrow and travel to secondary lymphoid organs (especially nodes) |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Bone Marrow Lymphocytes |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes are fully activated and mature at antigen challenge, mature lymphocytes continuously circulate. |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus location |
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Definition
| Superior to thorax, posterior to sternum |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus Lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus hormones |
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Definition
| Thymic hormones cause T lymphocytes to gain immunocompetence |
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus decay |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary Lymphoid Organs: Thymus difference from other lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| Does not directly fight antigens, not composed of lymphoid CT |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph Nodes systems |
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Definition
| Lymphatic and immune systems overlap |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph Nodes lymphoid tissue |
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Definition
| destroys antigens and activates T and B cells |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph Nodes lymphocytes |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes stay in cortex (outer region) and medullary cords |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Spleen size |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Spleen location |
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Definition
| Left superior quadrant of abdominal cavity, posterior to stomach |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Spleen function |
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Definition
| Removes antigens and worn out blood cells, stores platelets |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Tonsils function |
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Definition
| Remove pathogens that enter pharynx by inspiration of air and consumption of food |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Tonsils, 4 groups |
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Definition
palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal.
(Palatine are largest and removed in tonsillectomy) |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Tonsils are the... |
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Definition
| Swellings of mucosal linings of pharynx |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Aggregated lymphoid nodules |
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Definition
| Clusters of lymphoid follicles in ileum (distal part) of small intestine |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Appendix |
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Definition
| Offshoot of cecum (1st part) of large intestine |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Function |
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Definition
| Protect from invading microorganisms and generate a wide variety of memory lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Blockage of lymphatic vessels causes the body region to swell with excess tissue fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral disease (fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes) |
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Term
| Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus |
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Definition
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Term
| Mononucleosis: Transmission |
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Definition
| Transmitted via saliva, lasts 4-6 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant lymph nodes (fatigue, swollen/painful nodes, fever, night sweats) |
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Term
| Hodgkin’s disease treatment |
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Definition
| Treated with radiation and has high cure rate relative to other cancers |
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